THANK U TIM

Hematocrit

packed red blood cells : total blood volume

45% normal:

• 46% in men

• 38% in women

Mononucleosis

• caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

• affects B-cell lymphocytes

Cause of Mononucleosis

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Characteristic of Mononucleosis

Infected lymphocytes = scalloped edge where they touch red blood cells

Lymphangitis

Inflammation of lymph vessels, usually caused by infection

Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal Nerve)

The main sensory nerve of the face

Multiple Sclerosis

autoimmune disease

• oligodendrocytes = destroyed

• interferes with neuron function

Myelin sheath in CNS

oligodendrocytes

Myelin sheath in PNS

Schwann cells

Hair matrix

part of hair follicle where:

• hair growth occurs

• melanocytes determine hair color

Most common site for birth defects

Heart

circulation system

Vaginal tear complication

can connect the vagina and anus

• increased risk of infection

Purpose of episi otomy

minimizes tearing during childbirth of

• central tendon

• muscles of the pelvic floor

Complications after vaginal delivery

Weak pelvic floor muscles =

• external urethral sphincter incompetence

• external anal sphincter incompetence

Female homolog of the scrotum

Labia majora

Main support of the uterus

1. Broad ligament

2. round ligament

3. messentary

Largest gross region of uterus

Body

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

reproductive tract infection caused by:

• chlamydia

• gonorrhea

PID:

• salpingitis

• can lead to sterility

  • can still ovulate

Four characteristics of PID

1. cause: chlamydia or gonorrhea

1. sal ping itis

2. sterility

3. does not inhibit ovulation

Sal ping itis

Inflammation of fallopian tubes

Ectopic pregnancy

embryo implants OUTSIDE uterus

Most common location of ectopic pregnancy

Fallopian tubes

Tubal pregnancy

type of ectopic pregnancy

• embryo implants in the lining of the fallopian tube

Danger of ectopic pregnancy

Fallopian tube rupture

• internal bleeding

• can be fatal

where does fertilization usually occur

ampulla

Beginning of ovarian cycle

primary follicle begins developing = First day of menstruation

Antrum

• Fluid-filled cavity

• in developing ovarian follicle

• surrounded by follicular cells

Breast cancer origin

cells in the milk ducts

Breast cancer symptom

Skin dimpling

• from involvement of suspensory ligaments

Cause of female infertility

STDs

what happens during a Penile erection

vasodilation

blood filling erectile bodies

Nervous system involved in penile erection

Parasympathetic nervous system

Function of seminiferous tubules

Produce sperm

Function of seminal vesicles

Produce most of the volume of semen

Function of dartos and cremaster muscles

Raise / lower testes to regulate temperature

Secondary male sex characteristics

Deep voice

facial hair

enlarged thyroid cartilage

Cretinism

Baby hypothyroidism:

• lack of thyroid hormone during fetal development

• maternal iodine deficiency

Mental effects of cretinism

whos the problem with

Mental retardation

the mom

Congenital hypothyroidism

whos the problem with

baby's thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone

the baby

Treatment for Type II diabetes

Diet and exercise

Pineal gland mineral deposits

• Calcified "brain sand"

• visible on X-rays

• helps radiologists orient the brain

Vitamin D is made (synthesized) in

Skin

Prolactin

Hormone

may produce desire to cry

stimulates milk production

effects in males not understood

Adrenal glands location

on top of each kidney

How much filtered fluid becomes urine

1%

Transitional epithelium function

stretching as bladder fills

found in mucosa of ureters and bladder

Systole

Ventricles contract

atria relax

Diastole

atria contract

Ventricles relax

Cranial Nerve IX

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Functions of Cranial Nerve IX

carries baroreceptor information

constrict pharynx during swallowing

innervates top of tongue

Cranial Nerve X

Vagus nerve

Functions of Cranial Nerve X

carries baroreceptor information

constrict pharynx during swallowing

moves larynx during speech

parasympathetic supply to organs

Diaphysis

Shaft of a long bone

Osteoarthritis

Degeneration of articular cartilage with bone spur formation

Parietal cells

stomach cells

secrete hydrochloric acid

Ileocecal valve

prevents backflow of bacteria

from large intestine —> small intestine

Vestibule

area bounded by labia minora:

• vestibular glands

• urethral orifice

• vaginal orifice

Vestibular glands

mucus during sexual arousal

• lubrication

Chorionic villus capillaries

fetal blood only

Teratogen

agent that causes birth defects:

• chemical

• physical

• biological

Morula

Stage when CONCEPTus first enters uterus

Fetal sex differentiation

3 months

Renal cortex is the ____________ part of the kidney

• contains ________________

Superficial

• contains glomerulus

Angina pectoris

Pain

• deficient blood delivery —> the heart wall

Creatine phosphate

Storage form of ATP

what causes Diabetes insipidus

caused by:

• lack of ADH secretion

• kidney inability to respond to ADH

ADH

Antidiuretic hormone

• promotes water retention by kidneys

Pituitary tumor complication

• compress the optic chiasm

• cause blindness

Facial nerve damage

inability to taste:

• sweet

• sour

• salty substances

Cushing syndrome

Hypersecretion of cortisol

Symptoms of Cushing syndrome

Moon face

buffalo hump

hyperglycemia

muscle loss

thin skin

immune suppression

female masculinization

Piebaldism

Rare autosomal dominant disorder

• congenital white patches of hair due

• melanocyte development problems

Pyelitis

Infection / inflammation of renal pelvis / calyces

Chromosome number in diploid cells

46

Chromosome number in gametes

23

Oxytocin

Hormone

• neural mechanism

• stimulates childbirth contractions

what does ACTH stand for and what produces it

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

• produced by anterior pituitary gland

Endomysium

Connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers

Perimysium

Connective tissue surrounding fascicles (bundles of muscle fibers)

Epimysium

Connective tissue surrounding entire muscle