Modern Canada since 1850

These flashcards cover key concepts and terms related to the history of Indigenous peoples and treaties in modern Canada, emphasizing topics discussed in the lecture.

Robinson Treaties

Treaties signed in 1850 between Ojibwe groups and the Canadian government, establishing treaty lands and annuities.

Indian Act (1876)

Legislation that defined 'Status Indians' based on descent and community, aimed at assimilating Indigenous peoples into Canadian society.

Mica Bay Incident

An event in 1849 involving Ojibwe leaders asserting their rights over lands and resources that highlighted tensions with the Canadian government.

Status Indians

Individuals recognized as Indigenous under the Indian Act, typically based on lineage and membership in a federally recognized band.

Métis

People of mixed Indigenous and European ancestry who faced discrimination and whose communal land rights were often ignored by Canada.

Scrip

Vouchers issued to Métis individuals that could be redeemed for land allotments or money, often resulting in loss of status.

Treaty 3 (1873)

The first of the numbered treaties that included provisions for annuities along with agricultural support for Indigenous communities.

Secondary resource ownership

The belief that collective ownership of resources by Indigenous societies was less valuable compared to individual property ownership in colonial views.

Assimilation

A federal policy aimed at transforming Indigenous societies into settled agricultural communities and integrating them into Canadian society.

Royal Proclamation of 1763

A document that laid the foundation for Canadian treaty law, asserting Indigenous peoples as wards of the Crown with land rights.