Disorders of the Respiratory System

0clinical signs of Rhinitis (4)

1. Serous, mucoid or mucopurulent nasal discharge

2. Sneezing, pawing at nose

3. Coughing and gagging

4. Discharge on nares (dried and crusted)

Diseases of the upper respiratory system include (6)

1. Rhinitis

2. Nasal tumors

3. Epistaxis

4. Sinusitis

5. Tonsillitis

6. Laryngitis

how to diagnose Rhinitis (2)

1. clinical signs

2. culture may show Staphylococcus

how to treat Rhinitis (5)

1. Clean the nares

2. apply soothing ointments

3. May need systemic antibiotics

4. Vasoconstrictors

5. antihistamines

clinical signs of nasal tumors (4)

1. Unilateral mucoid nasal discharge.

2. No response to therapy

3. Nasal hemorrhage

4. Sneezing

how to diagnose nasal tumors (5)

1. Radiographs

2. CT

3. MRI

4. Endoscopy

5. Biopsy

how to treat nasal tumors

surgery

clinical signs of Epistaxis

1. Bleeding from the nose

2. Uni or bilateral

what is the cause of Epistaxis (4)

1. trauma

2. fungal infection

3. bacterial infection

4. tumors

how to treat Epistaxis (4)

1. stop the hemorrhage

2. Vasoconstrictive drugs

3. Apply pressure

4. Vitamin K if coagulation is a concern

what do tonsils do

Provide lymphoid protection to the respiratory tract

When the tonsils are invaded by an infectious agent they will —

hypertrophy

clinical signs of tonsillitis (10)

1. Hypertrophy

2. difficulty swallowing

3. pain in the throat

4. Neoplasia

5. anorexia

6. increased salivation

7. pain on opening mouth

8. Tonsils will appear inflamed

9. tonsils will be coated in mucus

10. tonsils will have purulent discharge

how to treat tonsillitis (4)

1. Treat with antibiotics

2. Soft or liquid diets

3. Pain medication

4. surgical removal of tonsils

what causes laryngitis (4)

1. excessive barking

2. howling

3. meowing

4. other infections that spread to laryngitis

clinical signs for laryngitis (5)

1. Loss of voice

2. alteration of the voice

3. Coughing

4. Increased concentration of mucus in the back of the throat

5. inflammation to the throat

how to treat laryngitis (3)

1. restriction of vocalization

2. Antibiotics

3. Anti Inflammatory drugs

how to prevent Feline Viral Respiratory Infections

vaccine

what causes Feline Viral Respiratory Infections (5)

1. multicat living situations

2. Feline Herpes Virus

3. Feline Calicivirus

4. Chlamydophila felis

5. Bordetella sp.

what does FHV stand for

Feline Herpes Virus

what does FCV stand for

Feline Calicivirus

how is Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis transmitted (5)

1. aerosolization (sneezing)

2. direct contact

3. Food dishes

4. bedding

5. toys

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis is inactivated in the environment within — - — hours

18 - 24 hrs

Cats shed Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis virus up to — weeks after infection

3

clinical signs for Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (11)

1. Sneezing

2. Purulent rhinitis

3. Conjunctivitis

4. Fever

5. Depression

6. Anorexia

7. Ulcerated nasal planum

8. Salivation

9. Abortion

10. Corneal ulcers

11. Can cause necrosis of nasal turbinates

how to diagnose Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (3)

1. Clinical signs

2. Direct immunofluorescence testing of the nasal smears

3. RealPCR test

how to treat Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (2)

1. supportive care

2. Antivirals for eye infections

how to prevent Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (2)

1. vaccination

2. only living with same illness cats

what does supportive care look like in Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (7)

1. Fluids

2. Antibiotics

3. Decongestants and antihistamines

4. Clean nose and eyes often

5. Aid in feeding - desirable foods, warmed, force feeding

6. Decrease stress

7. NSAIDS

clinical signs of calcivirus (10)

1. Fever

2. Serous nasal and ocular discharge

3. Conjunctivitis

4. Oral ulcers

5. Salivation

6. Pneumonia

7. Acute arthritis in kittens

8. Diarrhea

9. Anorexia

10. Chronic carriers

how to diagnose calcivirus (3)

1. Clinical signs

2. Viral isolation

3. RealPCR

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis aka

Feline Herpesvirus

Chlamydophila felis used to be aka

Chlamydia psittaci feline strain

is Chlamydophila felis gram negative or positive

gram negative

clinical signs of Chlamydophila felis (3ish)

1. Chemosis

2. serous discharge

3. mucoid or mucopurulent ocular discharge

how does Chlamydophila felis transmit (2)

1. Transfer of ocular secretions

2. Fomites

how to diagnose Chlamydophila felis (3)

1. PCR testing

2. culture

3. titre levels

how to treat Chlamydophila felis (2)

1. antibiotics

2. meds

how to diagnose Bordetella bronchiseptica (4)

1. Gram negative bacteria

2. isolation

3. culture

4. PCR tests

clinical signs of bordetella bronchiseptica (10)

1. inflammation of the trachea

2. inflammation of the bronchi

3. Retching

4. Sneezing

5. Serous nasal discharge

6. Coughing

7. Pneumonia

8. anorexia

9. fever

10. lethargy

how to transmit Bordetella bronchiseptica (4)

1. indirect and direct contact

2. Transmission can occur between dogs and cats

3. More commonly seen in multicat environments

4. Can become long-term carriers

how to treat Bordetella bronchiseptica (2)

1. antibiotics

2. meds

how to prevent Bordetella bronchiseptica and Chlamydophila felis

1. Maternal antibodies

2. vaccines

what are the Anatomic Anomalies in BAOS dogs (6)

1. Stenotic Nares

2. Macroglossa

3. Elongated Soft Palate

4. Tracheal Stenosis

5. Hypoplastic Trachea

6. Everted Laryngeal Saccules

define Stenotic Nares

narrowed nostrils

define Macroglossa

enlarged tongue

clinical signs of BOAS (7)

1. Respiratory noise (stridor)

2. Stenosis of the nostrils

3. GI signs

4. Sleep apnea

5. Heat intolerance

6. Cyanosis

7. Collapse

what does BOAS stand for

Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome

how to diagnose BOAS (7)

1. presence of stenotic nares

2. abnormal breathing sounds

3. elongated soft palate

4. inverted laryngeal saccules

5. collapsing or narrowing of the trachea

6. radiograph

7. Clinical signs

how to treat BOAS (8)

1. Normal BCS

2. Controlled activity

3. controlled temperatures

4. minimize stress

5. Oxygen therapy

6. NSAIDS

7. Tracheostomy

8. Surgical intervention

what are the Lower Respiratory Diseases in small animal (9)

1. Feline Asthma

2. CIRDC

3. Canine Distemper

4. Canine Adenovirus (Infectious Hepatitis)

5. Tracheal collapse

6. Pneumonia

7. Neoplasia

8. Pulmonary edema

9. Hemothorax and pneumothorax

Feline Asthma is charaacterized by (4)

1. spontaneous bronchoconstriction

2. airway inflammation

3. airway hyperreactivity (spasms)

4. increased mucus production

clinical signs of feline asthma (4)

1. coughing/gagging

2. wheezing

3. labored breathing

4. Tachypnea, barrel chest

how to diagnose feline asthma (10)

1. Physical exam

2. History

3. Radiographs

4. prominent bronchial markings helpful

5. overinflated lungs

6. CBC

7. increased eosinophils

8. Transtracheal wash

9. BAL

10. high numbers of eosinophils

how to treat acute onset feline asthma (5)

1. Minimal restraint (decrease stress)

2. Bronchodilators

3. Steroids

4. Oxygen

5. Nebulization with Albuterol (decreases spasm)

how to treat chronic onset feline asthma (4ish)

1. Corticosteroids

2. Bronchodilators

3. Oxygen

4. Determine allergen and decrease exposure

what does CIRDC stand for

Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex

Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex aka (2)

1. Infectious Canine Tracheobronchitis

2. Kennel Cough

what illness’s are under CIRDC (3)

1. Canine parainfluenza

2. Bordetella bronchiseptica

3. Canine Adenovirus type 2

what is maybe under CIRDC (3)

1. Mycoplasma

2. Reovirus

3. Canine Adenovirus type 1

how is CIRDC transmitted (2)

1. Aerosol

2. Direct and Indirect contact

clinical signs for CIRDC (9)

1. “Goose” or “seal” honk cough that is productive

2. Gagging

3. coughing

4. Cough on tracheal palpation

5. bronchopneumonia:

6. Fever

7. Purulent nasal discharge

8. Depression

9. Anorexia

how to diagnose CIRDC (4)

1. Clinical signs

2. history

3. Cough on tracheal palpation

4. Transtracheal wash and culture

how to treat CIRDC (9)

1. Antibiotics

2. Steroids

3. Antitussives

4. Bronchodilators

5. Keep hydrated

6. Clean nose, eyes

7. Avoid stress

8. Vaccine

9. nothing

what are the 2 strains of canine influenza

1. H3N2

2. H3N8

how is canine influenza transmitted (5)

1. aerosolization

2. barking

3. sneezing

4. coughing

5. fomites

how long does canine influenza survive on surface

48hrs

clinical signs of canine influenza (9)

1. Rhinitis

2. Coughing

3. Sneezing

4. Lethargy

5. Anorexia

6. Tracheitis

7. Bronchitis

8. Pneumonia

9. Fever

how to diagnose canine influenza (4)

1. clinical signs

2. PCR

3. nasal swabs

4. pharyngeal swabs

how to treat canine influenza (7)

1. Supportive

2. Fluid therapy

3. Cough suppressants

4. Antibiotics

5. NSAIDS

6. Isolate infected animals for at least 4 weeks

7. Vaccinations