PE

Anaerobic Exercises

Short bursts of exercise so intense that your muscles are temporarily deprived of oxygen. Ex: Sprinting

Striking - Stance

Keep feet shoulder width apart, bend the knees, place weight on the toes, and hold the racquet or paddle in front of the body

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure of fat based on height and weight

Static Balance Skills

The ability to maintain a controlled body position with minimal movement while remaining stationary. Ex: balance during a handstand

Spatial Awareness

When students understand how their bodies exist and can move in a given space. Ex: safely move within spaces

Striking - Follow Through

For aim and power, follow through with the motion after making contact with the ball

Hitting

Using a piece of equipment to apply force to an object and move it through the air or on the ground

Locomotor Skills

Skills that move the body from one location to another. Ex: walking, running, skipping, galloping, hopping, leaping, jumping

Hitting Style - Backhand

Using dominant hand on non-dominant side to strike an object

Temporal Awareness

The ability to judge movement and time

Dynamic Balance Skills

The ability to maintain a controlled body position while in motion. Ex: Balance during running

Running - Recovery Role

A period of time in which a leg is not making contact with the ground

Closed Skill

A self-paced skill that occurs in a stable setting in which the performer is in control. Ex: free throw in basketball, tennis serve

Directional Awareness

The ability to understand the concepts of left and right, up and down, top and bottom, front and back, and in and out

Phases of Jumping

Preparatory, takeoff, flight, landing

Non-Locomotor Skills

Body movements that do not involve traveling from one place to another. Ex: bending, twisting, stretching

Vestibular Systems

System that allows us to balance the body and orient ourselves within space

Movement Exploration

An active-learning strategy that helps students use their body to develop various skills and concepts, including hand-eye coordination, spatial awareness, and balance

Perceptual-Motor Development

Combines a child’s sensory skills (brain) and motor skills (body) to synchronize body movements and perform a variety of movements allowing them to interact with their environment. Ex: body awareness, directional awareness, spatial awareness, and temporal awareness

Striking - Shifting Weight

When making contact, shift weight from the back foot to the front foot

Running - Supporting Role

A period of time in which a leg is making contact with the ground

Body Composition

A more accurate measure of health than weight alone. Describes the percentage of fat, bone, water, and muscle that make up our bodies.

Power (Fitness)

The capacity to move an object

Volleying

Coordinating various body parts to strike an airborne ball or object

Balance

The ability to control body equilibrium in relation to gravity

Walking - Stance Phase

Occurs when a limb is on the ground and bearing weight. The stance phase consists of three steps: contact, midstance, propulsion

Auditory Discrimination

The ability to recognize differences between sounds

Rhythmic Skills/Rhythmic Awareness

Skills that help students sense and perform patterns of sound and motion. Ex: Choreographed dance moves

Precision Requests

Structured, precise messages that increase the likelihood of student compliance

Agility

The ability to move quickly and easily

Manipulative Skills/Object Control Skills

Skills that involve controlling or handling an object. Ex: throwing, catching, kicking, dribbling, and striking

Weight-Bearing Exercises

Exercise that require significant force to move an object. Ex: pull-ups

Sensory Circuits

A series of short physical exercises that help students become focused on their mind-body connection, and in turn, more focused in their academic work and social interactions

Aerobic Exercises

Exercise that require active, vigorous movement but do not deprive muscles from oxygen. Ex: jogging

Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Component of physical fitness that measures how well your lungs and heart work together to allow your body to stay active over an extended period of time

The FITT Program

Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type

Provides a simple, straightforward method of helping students reach fitness goals

Dribbling

Controlling a ball with either the hands (as in basketball) or the feet (as in soccer)

Skinfold Thickness

A caliper is used to measure the thickness of the subcutaneous fat in the body in the abdomen, arms, buttocks, thighs, and the subscapularis muscle

Walking - Swing Phase

Begins when the foot leaves the ground after toe-off and is propelled forward. It ends when the foot reestablishes contact with the surface. During the swing phase, the body’s mass is transferred from one limb to another

Running - Flight Phase/Float Phase

A period of time after too-off in which both feet leave the ground

Kinesthetic Discrimination

The ability to sense changes that involve body movements and muscle feelings

Time (FITT)

Refers to the duration of the exercise. In general, children should exercise at least 60 minutes per day. This may be done all at once or broken into several shorter bursts of activity

Height-Weight Ratio

A list of healthy and unhealthy weight ranges based on a child or teen’s age, gender, and height

Muscular Strength

Component of physical fitness that provides the ability to use the muscles to generate force

Open Skill

A skill that occurs in an unpredictable and continually changing environment. Ex: passing in football, batting in baseball

Hitting Style - Forehand

Use dominant hand on dominant side to strike an object

Striking

Using a piece of equipment to apply force to an object and move it through the air or on the ground

Phases of Throwing

Preparatory, execution, follow-through

Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)

The ratio of the waist’s circumference to the hip’s circumference. This is calculated by dividing the waist measurement by the hip measurement.

Intensity (FITT)

Refers to the level of effort required by the activity. The more vigorous activity, the better. Encourage students to engage in activities that make them breathe hard and break a sweat.

Proprioceptive Systems

System that allows us to sense the relative position of the various parts of the body and to apply the appropriate amount of force to objects and movements.

Hydrostatic Testing

Method of determining body composition by underwater weighing using Archimede’s Principle of displacement

Tactile Discrimination

The ability to determine information through the sense of touch

Mature Motor Patterns

Require students to exercise a combination of locomotor, non-locomotor, and/or manipulative skills while also exhibiting body, spatial, and/or rhythmic awareness

Hitting Style - Overhead

Striking an object that is above the head

Body Awareness

When a student comes to understand the myriad of ways in which the body can move. Ex: identifying body shapes and positions

504 Plan

The accommodations provided to a student who has an impairment that significantly impacts their life

Coordination

The ability to manipulate movement

Verbal Mediation

Process in which the student states out loud the association between their actions and the consequences of their actions. Ex: if a student has achieved a particular milestone and earned a reward as a result, ask the student to state what they’ve done to merit the reward

Warm-Up Activity

Activities to prep and warm the body before beginning vigorous exercise. Ex: stretching

Striking - Focus

Keep attention focused on the object to be hit/struck

Frequency (FITT)

Refers to how often activities are performed. Ideally, students will perform activities every day.

Hitting Style - Underhand

Striking an object that is below the waist

Kicking

Using the foot to apply force to an object on the ground

Visual Discrimination

The ability to see subtle differences in object, pictures, letters, and numbers

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

legally mandated, customized educational plan developed for students with disabilities in the United States, outlining specific learning goals, services, accommodations, and supports needed to meet their unique educational needs

Physical Endurance

Component of physical fitness that measures how well your body can stay active over an extended period of time

Type (FITT)

Refers to the nature of the activities performed. Ideally, activities will include a balance of aerobic activities that promote cardiovascular health and weight-bearing activities that help develop strength, flexibility, and bone health

Flexibility

Component of physical fitness that allows greater mobility and greater range of motion in the joints and muscles

Active Listening

The focused and intentional act of hearing and understanding what others say. Ex: Giving full attention, responding thoughtfully, and asking questions to clarify or expand ideas

Punting

Involves striking an airborne ball with the foot.