energy rotation 2

energy

the ability/capacity to do work

energy transfer

the movement of energy from one place to another without changing form

energy transformation

changing one type of energy to another

law of conservation of energy

scientific law that states that energy can never be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred

efficient

not wasteful

energy efficient

how much usable energy has been produced compared to the energy supplied

friction

a contact force that reduces motion via objects rubbing against each other

joule

unit of energy (j)

alternator

a device that transforms kinetic energy into electrical energy

fossil fuel

energy source made from ancient fossils

generate

to make/produce something

non-renewable

finite, will run out

renewable

can be renewed, will not run out

solar energy

energy from the sun

economy

the system of how a country makes and spends money and provides goods and services

greenhouse gases

gas that traps the sun’s heat in earth’s atmosphere

pollution

substance that enters the environment with harmful or poisonous effects

circuit

closed path for transferring electricity, including connecting wires and components connected to a power source

component

device in a circuit that uses electrical energy

electron

negatively charged particle in an atom

load

a component in a circuit that uses electrical energy

conductor

material that allows the movement of charge

current

measure of the flow of charged particles such as electrons in a circuit

insulator

material that resists the flow of charge

potential difference

the difference in voltage between two points in a circuit

resistance

measure of the opposition of flow of electric current

voltage

measure of electric potential energy

ammeter

device that measures electric current

Ohm’s law

a scientific law which demonstrates that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points

voltmeter

device that measures potential difference

parallel circuit

a circuit in which all components are connected between the same points in branches, so the current divides into more than one path

reciprocal

1 divided by a number

series circuit

a circuit in which components are connected in a line, so the current has only one path to take