Studied by 7 people
social support
a feeling of being cared for and having support and assistance from people around us, including families, friends and romantic partners
informational social support
advice, suggestions, and information
instrumental social support
occurs when you gain something more tangible from your family and friends-money, gifts, services
emotional social support
expressions of concern, empathy, positive regard-being cared for by others
tend-and-befriend coping strategy
nurturing and protecting others in times of stress and developing social networks that facilitate these patterns
co-rumination
extensively discussing and self-disclosing emotional problems with another person
relational aggression
an act of aggression (physical or verbal) intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing
identity based bullying
directed toward people who are actual or perceived members of a devalued social group because of that group membership
dating scripts
descriptions of normal behaviors and are overwhelmingly heteronormative
consensually non monogamous 1) polygamy
polyamorous
one husband with many wives
each partner may have other partners
principle of least interest
the person who wants a relationship less has greater power within that relationship
routine labor( low control labor)
chores that the person doing has little say over when and where it gets done
intermittent labor
only labor done occasionally and has leeway as to when they need it done
second shift
the double burden/ work outside the home followed by child care and housework- that many women face and few men share equitably
emotional work
tasks making other people feel love and cared for
relative resource theory
the person who brings more resources to the relationship gets to use those resources in order to avoid doing chores
time availability
holds that the person with most available time should do a larger amount of housework
gender deviance neutralization
the idea that when people act in a way that's gender atypical in one domain, they overcompensate by acting in a gender-stereotypical way in another domain
the culture of romance
Idealized and unrealistic beliefs about love and romance are common and that are perpetuated through media-dating scripts
stratified reproduction
Access and services based on socio-economic position. Wealthy utilizing assistive reproductive technologies to get pregnant. Poor women critiqued for having 'too many children'.
voluntary childlessness
the conscious choice to remain childless
motherhood mandate
strong pressures in our society to have children
post abortion syndrome
the depression one sometimes has after having an abortion
infertility
the inability to conceive a child
Assistive Reproductive Technology (ART)
a general term for the techniques designed to help infertile couples conceive and then sustain a pregnancy
in vitro fertilization (IVF)
egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization
Surrogacy
An arrangement whereby a woman bears a child on behalf of another woman
miscarriage
The death of an embryo or fetus in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy
stillbirth
the birth of a fetus that died before, or during, the delivery
baby blues
a mild postpartum mood disorder that goes away on its own
post partum depression
depression that occurs after the birth of a child
post partum anxiety
feelings after the birth of a child that include worry, a sense of dread, obsessive checking, difficulty sleeping, and other physical symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and headaches
maternal gatekeeping
a mother's behavior that encourages or discourages a father's involvement in family matters
mother blaming
When mothers are accused of causing problems in their children
intensive parenting
women are supposed to live up to the ideal of, being essentially a helicopter parent
attachment parenting
A caregiving approach stressing the value of prolonged breast feeding, continuous "skin to skin" contact, and other strategies designed to promote intense parent-child bonding during the early years of life.
reproductive justice
many women who are less privileged have limited choices about whether or how to parent-the reproductive justice movement supports the ability of all women to be able to make informed choices about motherhood
horizontal occupational gender segregation
the tendency of men and women to cluster into different professions
vertical occupational gender segregation
the tendency for men to hold positions with higher status, authority, and pay than women within any given field
comparable worth
the issue raised when women who hold traditionally female jobs are paid less than men for working at jobs requiring comparable skill
motherhood wage penalty
women with children earn significantly less than childless women, even when they have comparable education, work experience, and job characteristics
glass ceiling
an invisible limit on women's climb up the occupational ladder
sticky floor
social forces that keep the majority of the world's women stuck in low-paid jobs
"think manager-think male" bias
the idea that the traits many people associate with leadership are agentic ones that are also associated with masculinity
transformational leader
a leader who is able to instill in the members of a group a sense of mission or higher purpose, thereby changing the nature of the group itself
networking
A way of making and using contacts to get job information and advice-problem for women, takes place is informal settings which are unfriendly to women
mentor
a person with more experience who can help and guide a person with less experience in jobs
sponsor
someone who advocates for a person in order to help that individual get a job or a promotion
amplification
making a comment in a meeting and another woman repeats the idea and gives credit to the original speaker
glass cliff
situation that women confront in which their leadership position is precarious
quid pro quo harassment
Type of sexual harassment that occurs when an employee is forced to choose between giving in to a superior's sexual demands and forfeiting an economic benefit such as a pay increase, a promotion, or continued employment.
hostile work environment
occurs when the atmosphere at work is hostile, intimidating and or offensive
heterosexist harrassment
expressing a negative view towards sexual minority identities
work family conflict
when work interferes with family obligations or family life interferes with work
role enhancement theroy
when people are engaged in multiple roles, they actually find that they have more energy and their well being is enhanced
work family enrichment
two-way process in which what happens at work benefits family life and what happens in the family benefits work
sandwich generation
Group of people who are caring for both their parents and their children.
maternal wall
unexamined assumptions held by coworkers and superiors about how women will behave once they become mothers
the pay gap
women on average are paid less than men
ageism
Discrimination based on age
stereotype embodiment theory
the idea that people learn age-related stereotypes at a young age, internalize them as self-stereotypes, and are subsequently influenced by them in thoughts and actions
beauty work
body modifications done to conform to social norms of attractiveness-make up, shaving legs and dying hair
age concealment
beauty work undertaken to hide the signs of aging and to be able to "pass" as younger than one's chronological age
menopause
the permanent end of menstrual periods
perimenopause
the term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all
postmenopause
The time after menopause
elderspeak
simplified speech, a high pitch and exaggerated tone similar to baby talk
family caregiving
a family process that occurs in response to an illness and encompasses multiple cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal processes
bereavement
state of sorrow over the death or departure of a loved one
disenfranchised grief
A situation in which certain people, although they are bereaved, are prevented from mourning publicly by cultural customs or social restrictions.
an empty nest
post parentalhood, when children are all grown and no longer live at home
role strain relief hypothesis
the idea that parents, especially mothers, have increased well-being after children leave home because of a decrease in daily demands, time constraints, and work-family conflicts
empty nest syndrome
alleged period of depression in mothers following the departure of their grown children from the home
role loss hypothesis
the idea that parents, especially mothers, will experience a decrease in well-being when their role as caregiver is no longer needed
launching phase
(aka the empty nest stage) when young adult children leave the home. this was described as a period of crisis, particularly for mothers, but more recent surveys have shown that most parents enjoy a renewal in their relationship at this time of being alone
custodial role
full-time, and often permanent, care and guardianship of a grandchild
bridge work
work, often part-time, obtained after retirement from one job that provides a transition between employment and full retirement
leisure innovation
engaging in new leisure activities as part of retirement
Gender based violence
various forms of violence associated with unequal power relationships between men and women
childhood sexual abuse
coercive sexual interaction between a child and an adult
resiliency
the ability to adapt effectively and recover from disappointment, difficulty, or crisis
sexual assault
any intentional sexual attack against another person
rape
any form of sexual intercourse that takes place against a person's will
rape myth
the false belief that, deep down, women enjoy forcible sex and find it sexually exciting
victim blaming
placing the responsibility or blame for a bad outcome on the individual who experiences the bad outcome due to his or her behavior
tonic immobility
temporary state of motor inhibition believed to be a response to situations involving extreme fear.
token resistance
saying "no" to sex when one means "yes"
belief in a just world
A form of defensive attribution wherein people assume that bad things happen to bad people and that good things happen to good people
cultural spillover theory
suggests that violence in one sphere of life tends to engender violence in other spheres
post-traumatic growth
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
domestic violence
the use of force to control and maintain power over a spouse in the home
intimate partner violence
domestic violence or battering between two people in a close relationship
cycle of abuse
tension-building stage, a violent episode, and a loving and contrition phase
learned hopefullness
believing that a perpetrator can change
coercive power
The ability of a manager to punish others
elder abuse
the abuse or neglect of older family members
imperialism
A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.
militarism
A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war
bystander intervention
the act of helping strangers in an emergency situation
Gender based violence
occurs at both individual and structural levels-violence againts girls and women has been described as a public health crisis
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