Combined ATP PPL

What are the certification requirments to become a private pilot?

Be at least 17 years old

Speak, read, and write English

Hold at least a third-class medical certificate

Complete a FAA-approved training program

Pass a written knowledge exam

Pass a practical flight test

What recency of flight experience is needed to take your private pilot checkride?

40 hours total flight time - 20 hour with an instructor

3 hours of xc. 3 hours at night with 10 T/Ls to a full stop over 100 NM. 3 hours of simunated instrument. 3 hours of flight training in the last 2 calendar months

10 hour solo - 5 hours solo xc over 150 NM to 3 points, one leg at least 50 NM

3 T/L at a towered airport to a full stop

How do you keep your pilot certificate current?

Via a flight review every 24 months.

1 hour of ground, 1 hour of flight.

Resets when, you pass an FAA checkride ofr certificate or rating or complete a phase of FAA Wings Program

What are the currency requirements for carrying passengers?

3 T/Ls to full stop in the preceeding 90 days, in an aircraft of the saem catergory, class and type

Recordkeeping: Do you need to take your logbook with you?

Student pilots: only for endorsement purposes. ie solo on xc flight

Generally no

What are the Privileges and limiations apply to a private pilots?

Privileges

Can act as PIC

Can assist in Search and Rescue

Fly for non-profit events

Act as an aircraft salesman with at least 200 hours

Limitations

Can’t fly for hire

Can split costs among passengers, pro rata (Oil, Fuel, Rental)

Explain the use of a First Class Medical

ATP Privileges

<40, 12 months, 48 months (3rd)

>40, 6 months, 6 months (2nd), 12 months (3rd)

Explain the use of a Second Class Medical

Commerical Privileges

<40, 12 months, 48 months (3rd)

>40, 12 months (2nd), 12 months (3rd)

Explain the use of a Third Class Medical

Recreational flying

<40, 60 months

>40, 48 months

What documents must you have with you to fly the airplane?

Government ID (DL or passport)

Current Medical

Pilots License

Explain Basic Med

Must have had a Medical after 15 July 2006 and the most recent medical not denied

Done with your primary doctor (every 4 years)

online training every 24 months

Valid State Driver’s License

What are the limitations while operating under BasicMed?

No more than 7 souls on board (You + 6 passengers)

Aircraft under 12,500 lb

fly under 18,000 MSL, under 250 KIAS

Fly only in the US and Bahamas

Cannot fly for compensation or hire

What’s the difference between currency and proficiency? Why is this important?

Currency - legal

Proficiency - ability

Demenstrates your ADM

What are some risks associated with operating aircraft or systems with which you are unfamiliar?

increased likeilihood and severity of an accident

What are ways to become proficient in airplanes or systems you are unfamilar with?

Fly with a CFI

Study the systems before flying

Create personal minimums

Are there currency requirements for flying new avionics systems?

No. But consider proficiency with avionics systems

What documents must be in the aircraft beofre flight?

ARROW

Airworthiness Certicate

Radio License (international only)

Registration

Operation Handbook (POH)

Weight and Balance Data

Compass Deviation Card

External Data Placard (Serial Number)

When does an aircraft registration certificate expire?

7 years

Which weight and balance information must be in the aircraft, the one on the takeoff data card or the one in the airplane flight manual?

Most updated weight and balance equipment list in the POH

Which respoect to the certification, privileges, and limitations of airmen, what do category, class, and type mean?

Category - Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter-Than-Air

Class - Single engine Land/Sea

Type - specific to the aircraft

When are you supposed to let the FAA know of an address change?

30 daysCan

Can you act as PIC with an expired certificate?

NoDoes

Does the Airworthiness Certificate ever expire?

No. But must be kept up to date.

Who is responsible for ensuring an aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition?

Owner and operator

What are the required inspetiosn for an aircraft to remain airworthy?

AV1ATES

Annual - 12 cal months

VOR - 30 days (IFR only)

100 - 100 hours

Altimeter / Static Encoder - 24 cal months (IFR)

Transponder - 24 cal months

ELT - 12 cal months

Service Bulletins and ADsWhat

What is an Airworthiness Directive (AD)? Is it mandatory?

An order to fix known issues. Similar to a recall for a car. Points out safety concerns.

Yes

What are the different kinds of Airworthiness Directives?

Emergency - require immediate compliance

One Time - for the one time

Recurring - At specified intervals

What is a Special Airworthiness INformation Bulletin (SAIB)?

alerts/ recommendations to the aviation community

non-regulatory information

refer to order 8110.100

What is a special flight permit?

A ferry permit of an aircraft that does not meet airworthiness requirements but it safe. Normally used to bring aircraft to maintenance

When would you need a special flight permit?

Flying to a base for repairs or maintenance

Delivering or exporting the aircraft

Production Flight

Evacuating the aircraft

Customer demonstration flights

to allow an overweigth aircraft for flight beyond normal range

What is preventative maintenance?

Ch 43

perform specificed preventive maintenance on any aircraft that you own or operate

What are some examples of preventive maintenance?

Landing gear tires

landing gear wheel bearings (cleaning/ greasing)

gear shock struts

replace defective safety wire/ cotter keys

lubrication

replenish hydraulic fluid

safety belts

bulbs, reflectors, lenses

replace/ clean spark plugs

any hose connection, except hydraulic connections

replace and service batteries

simple patches

replace any cowlings

Can you overfly an annual? 100 hour?

Yes and Yes

Annual - requires a special flight permit from Flight Standards District Office (FSDO)

100 hour - only by 10 hours, and only to place of maintenance

An Annual can substitute for a 100 hour

Do you always need an ELT in the airplane?

Not needed when flying within 50 NM of home airport

WHen does the ELT battery have to be replaced or recharged?

121.5

12 cal months

1 hour of cumulative use

.5 hald of battery life

What equipment and instruments do you need to have in the airplane for VFR day flight?

ATOMATOFLAMES

Altimeter

Tachometer

Oil Pressure

Manifold Pressure Guage

ASI

Transponsder

Oil Temp Guage

Fuel Quanity Guage

Landing Lights

Anti-Collision Lights

Magnetic Compass

ELT

Seatbelts

What equipment and instruments do you need to have in the airplane for VFR night flight?

FLAPS

Fuses (3 extra or 1 complete set/circuit breaker)

Landing Lights (for hire)

Anti-collision Lights

Position Lights

Source of Electricity

What would you do if you found that the landing light was inop?

Cannot fly at night (for hire)

Day - deactiviate or remove, placard it inop. (pull the circuit breaker)

Can you fly an airplane with known inop equipment?

TAPER PDL

Type Certicate Data Sheet

Airworthiness Directives

Pilot Operating Handbook

Equipment List (MEL, MMEL, KOEL)

Regulations

Placard (Inop)

Deactive

Log in maintenance binder

What is a MEL

Minimum Equipment List

Can an aircraft owner change an MEL?

a letter and a proposed MEL that is based off the Master Minimum Equipment List sent to the FAA

What is a Kinds of Operation Equipment List (KOEL)?

specific equipment for which kinds of operations a specific piece of equipment is required.

Where is the airworthiness and registration information located in the plane

under the towbar within the baggage area

What pilot action is required if inop equipment is discovered prior to flight?

Repaired, removed, replaced/ inspected and properly deferred again at the next scheduled inspection

Name some examples of sources of weater data for flight planning purposes

Foreflight

WX Brief

Aviation Weather Center

ASOS, ATIS, AWOS

Flight Service Station

National Weather Service

What’s A METAR? How long is it valid for?

French. Aviation Routine Weather Report

tells current surface weather conditions

Issued 55 mins after the hour

Good for 1 hour

What is a TAF

Terminal Aerodrome Forecast

Forecast for 5 SM from airport

valid for 24 or 30 hour time

issued 4 times; 0000Z, 0600Z, 1200Z, 1800Z

What kind of weather product will be released in place of a METAR in the event of a significatn weather change?

SPECI - for drastic changes in the weather

What is a TEMPO on a TAF mean? What is this an indication of?

expected to change Temporarily between the forecasted time

What is an AIRMET?

Hazardous weather that affects small planes and VFR pilots

good for 6 hours

S - IFR conditions, ceilings <1000 ft, < 3 SM

T - Turbulence (30+ knots)

Z - Icing

What is a SIGMET?

Non-convective weather, that affects all aircrafts, good for 4 hours

severe icing, severe/ extreme turbulence, dust or sandstorm, volcanic ash

hurricane = 6 hours

What’s a Convective SIGMET?

Hazardous for all flight, good for 2 hours

Winds >50 knots, Hail >3/4 in, tornados, embedded thunderstorms, Squall Lines affecting 40% or more in a 3000 sq mile area

What are the different types of turbulence intensity classifications?

Light - slight

Moderate - postive control at all times

Severe - large, mometarily out of control

Extreme - structural damage

What are the different types of turbulence

Convective - rising/ sinking air

Mechanical - wind that comes over trees, buildings, mountains, creating eddiese

Windshear

What is a CWA?

Center Weather Advisory

unscheduled in-flight weather advisory for hazardous wearher

a “nowcast” for weather developing in the next 2 hours

What is a 9900 on a winds loft chart?

winds are light and variable

What’s a PIREP?

Pilot Report - gives in-flight weather conditions

What gases make up the atmosphere?

78% N, 21% O2, 1% trace gases

What are the layers of the atmosphere

Tropshere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Exosphere

What is considered standard atmospheric temperature and pressure?

15*C, 29.92, or 1013.25 milibars

What’s the lapse rate?

1000 ft = -2*, -1.00

What are some indications of stable air?

Poor visibility, no turbulence

stratiform clouds, continuous precipitation

What are some indications of stable air?

Good visibility, turbulent air, Thunderstorms

Cumuliform clouds, scattered precipitation

What is convection?

up and down movement of air

what is wind

horizontal convection

What are the three dorces affecting wind heading and speed?

Coriolis Force

Fricition

Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) - pushes air from area high pressure to low pressure

How does pressure travel?

from High to Low, and left to right

What is the Coroilis Force effect?

because of the earth rotational force on its axis, wind is deflected from left to right

How does air in low pressure system move? What kind of weather is associated with low pressure zones?

in, up, ccw

updrafts, cloudiness and precipitation

How does air in high pressure system move? What kind of weather is associated with high pressure zones?

out, down. cw

light surface winds, clear skiesW

What is a Jet Stream?

narrow band of strong winds near the tropopauseWhat

What is a Valley Winf?

Cold air falling in a valley and pushes warm air up

What is Mountain Wind?

Cold air falls down the mountainside

What is Katabatic wind?

any wind blowing down an incline, when the incline is influential in carrying that wind

What is land breeze

at night, cool air moves from land to the warmer water

What is Sea Breeze

Day, cooler air moves from the sea to the warmer land

What is Wind Shear?

sudden shift in wind speed, direction

What is inversion?

air temperature increase with altitude.

common on clear, calm, cool nights

the land cools more rapidly than air, cooling the air directly above it faster than the air aloft

What is relative humidity?

saturation level of thte air, expressed in %

What is the Dew Point?

where the air would become 100% saturated by moisture currently present

What is a front?

boundary between two different air masses

What is a cold front?

depicted by blue trangles

advancing cold air mass

moves faster than warm air, up to 40 kts

sudden temp dorps, rain, gusty winds, TS or squall lines

What is a warm front?

depicted by red circles

advancing warm air mass

moves half as fast as cold fronts due to less dense air

warmer, more humid weather

a blanket over the cold front

What is a stationary front?

Neither the cold or warm front are able to overpower the other

speeds of 5 kts

prolonged, persistent weather

What is an Occulded Front?

purple circles and triangles

fast moving cold frornt catches up with warm front and pushes warm air up

widespread clouds, persistent precipitation, and shifting windsW

What is a squall line?

a narrow band of thunderstorms

often accompanied by high winds and heavy rain

What is a dry line?

low level boundary separating most air from dry air

orange half circles

What is a cloud?

visible gathering of water or ice

What are the cloud families based on altitude?

High Clouds - 20,000 ft

Middle Clouds - 6,500 - 20,000 ft

Low Clouds - SFC - 6,500 ft

What are the cloud classifications?

Cumulus Clouds - due to convection, unstable atmosphere

Stratus Clouds

Cirrus

Lenticular

Nimbus Clouds

Fractus Clouds

Alto

What clouds can you find in the high altitude family?

Cirris, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus

What clouds can you find in the mid- altitude family?

Altocumulus, Altostratus

What clouds can you find in the low altitude family?

Nimbostratus, Stratus, Stratocumulus

What is the most dangerous cloud type to pilots?

Cumulonimbus clouds

Volatile nature = turbulence, windshear, thunderstorms, microburst

What is an Anvil cloud and what does it mean if one forms?

a cumulonimbus cloud that has reached stratospheric stability. Thunderstorm in its mature stage

What is turbulence?

fluid dynamics, chaotic changes in pressue and flow velocity

What are the types of turbulence?

Convective - rising/ sinking air

Mechanical

Windshear

What is wake turbuluence?

wingtip vortices that fall down and outward

What is convective turbulence?

occurs in convective storms (TS) that are felt by the aircraft.

Strong up/down drafts due to uneven heating

The greater temperature difference, the greater the turbulence.

Barren surfaces heat up more quicklyWh

What is Mechanical Turbulence

wind over trees, mountains, building, creating eddies

the higher the wind speed/ more rough the obstruction, the greater the turbuluenceW