Aims, Hypotheses, Pilot Studies

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Last updated 3:08 PM on 9/19/26
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5 Terms

1
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What are the 2 types of hypotheses?

Alternative/experimental hypothesis


Null hypothesis

2
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What is an alternative/experimental hypothesis? (H1)

DIRECTIONAL / ONE-TAILED: only one potential outcome; predicts the IV will affect the DV

NON-DIRECTIONAL / TWO-TAILED: stating there will only be a difference

3
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What is a null experiment? (H0)

A statement that predicts nothing will happen; altering the IV won’t affect the DV.

“There will be no difference between … any difference that occurs does so by chance.”

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What is a pilot study, and why is it useful?

A small-scale preliminary trial done before the main experiment.


  • SAVES RESOURCES: prevent wasting time/money on a flawed study

  • TEST EFFECTIVENESS: too long?(boredom effect) / instructions too complicated? / missing vital steps?

  • IDENTIFY EARLY MISTAKES


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What is a confederate/stooge, and why are they useful?

An actor or researcher who pretends to be a genuine participant. (Secretly working for the psychologist.)


  • MANIPULATE THE SOCIAL SITUATION