Ethan SIbert Chapter 1: What is Biotechnology
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52 Terms
What is the definition of biotechnology?
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, systems, or processes to develop products or technologies that improve human life and the health of the planet.
What are three traditional biotechnology practices?
selective breeding, fermentation, modern gene editing
What are two examples of modern biotechnology products?
Yogurt, Bread
When did the modern biotechnology industry begin?
1976
When did early humans begin selectively breeding plants and livestock?
8,000 B.C
When was wine first invented?
4,000 B.C
Who developed brewing and cheese making? When?
2,000 B.C
What was the first antibiotic used? Which culture? When?
Moldy soybean curds, Chinese, 500 B.C
Who developed the first smallpox vaccine? When?
Edward Jenner, 1796
Who discovered proteins?
Jons Jakob
When was the origin of species published?
1859
When was pasteurization first developed?
1861
When did Mendel establish the principles of genetics?
1865
Who developed the first rabies vaccine? What year?
Louis Pasteur in 1885
When did the term “biotechnology” first appear in print?
1919
Who discovered penicillin? What year?
Alexander Fleming, 1928
Who discovered DNA as the carrier of genetic information?
Oswald Avery
When was the double helix structure of DNA discovered?
1953
When was mRNA discovered?
1961
When was the gene first completely synthesized?
1971
when was recombinant insulin produced? By which company?
1977, Genetech
When was DNA fingerprinting first used?
1984
When were the first genetically modified tobacco plants grown?
1986
When was the Human Genome Project first launched?
1990
What was the first cloned mammal? What year?
sheep, 1997
When was Golden Rice developed?
1999
When was the Human Genome Project completed?
2003
When was the first HPV vaccine approved?
2003
When was the first self replicating bacterial cell created?
2010
When was CRISPR-CAS9 used for gene editing?
2012
When were mRNA vaccines first used?
2021
What are the different sectors in biotechnology?
Biological research, healthcare, agriculture, manufacturing
What are the key techniques in biotechnology?
Molecular biology, cell biology, genetic engineering
What is the ethical consideration around biotechnology?
Equity, safety, and long term impact
What are the tools in biotechnology?
Whole cells, DNA, RNA, proteins
What are two of the key instruments in biotechnology?
Spectrophotometers, PCR machines
what is chromatography?
Sorting
What is gene transfer?
delivery system
What is protein purification?
the final product
What is a spectrophotometer?
its for light absorption
What is PCR?
it amplifies DNA
What are the key concepts behind using biotechnology in national defense?
biosurveillance
Which company was the founding biotechnology company? What was their first product?
Genentech and humulin
What is the difference between biotech and pharmaceutical industries?
biotech is biological drugs, pharmaceutical is chemical drugs
Who are the key users of biotechnology?
Life sciences, healthcare, agriculture, forensics, national defense
What is genomics?
Study of entire genome
What is proteomics?
Study of all of protein expression
What is precision medicine?
tailoring treatments to individual genetic profiles
What happens during the drug discovery phase of drug development?
It is lab animal testing
What happens during phase I clinical trials?
tests safety
What happens during phase II clinical trials?
tests effectiveness
What happens during phase III clinical trials?
confirm results