CDE 2104: Exam 1

Growth in height, Brain maturation, and Hormonal changes are examples of which developmental process?

Biological

If someone identifies strongly with a group based on shared language, traditions, and religion, this reflects their?

Ethnic Identity

People who experience similar historical events because tehy were born the same time belong to the same?

Cohort

Which developmental approach emphasizes the impact of culture and social relationships?

Contextual

Who suggested that early conflicts shape adult personality?

Freud

In Eriksons stages, what is crucial for progressing from one stage to the next?

Resolving identity conflicts

When children imitate behaviors they observe in others, this is called?

Modeling or Observational Learning

Which perspective sees development as a lifelong, continuous interaction with the environment?

Learning

The study of how thinking perception influence behavior is called?

Cognitive Devlopment

Which piagetian stage do children begin using symbols like words and images to represent objects?

Preoperational

According to Vygotsky, cognitive growth is strongly influenced by?

Language and Social Interactions

The zone of proximal development refers to?

Skills a child can accomplish with support

Brofesnbrenner’s ecological model emphasizes?

Five interconnected environmental systems shaping development

Nature of Human Devlopment, can be described by?

It involves periods of growth and decline throughout life

Studying how children grow and change helps us?

Improve educational methods, support families, and understand how experiences shape behavior

How would you describe a family’s social standing based on income, education, and job?

Socioeconmic status

What influences a child’s Devlopment through their environment and time period?

Technology use, major world events, and family income level

Interaction between genes and a child’s environment is…

Environment can change how genes are expressed

Classical Conditioning involves…

Associating a neutral signal with a natural response

What happens when a child encounters new information that doesn’t fit thier current understanding?

They experience disequilibrium prompting learning and adjustment

Gross Motor Skill

Abilities to control large muscles of the body and the large movements.

Child Maltreatment

Intentional harm or neglect of a child

Picky Eaters

Children who are selective about trying and eating certain food

Fine Motor Skills

Abilities to control smaller muscles of the body and the smaller movements

Asthma

Most common chronic health condition in early childhood, making it hard for children to breath

Lateralization

The specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Nightmares

Vivid, scary dreams that causes anxiety

Corpus Callosum

Thick band of nerve fibers connecting the brains left and right hemispheres, enabling communication between the two sides.

Food Allergies

When the immune system reacts to certain foods, over 6 million children are affected

Chronic Health Conditions

About 15% of children have a chronic health condition in the U.S.

My Plate

A nutrient guide for a balanced and healthy diet that illustrates the five food groups: Fruits, Vegetables, Grains, Protein, and Dairy

Myelination

Myelin coats nerve fibers, speeding brain to muscle signals, and supporting coordination and focus in early childhood

Myelin coats nerve fibers, speeding brain to muscle signals, and supporting coordination and focus in early childhood

Toilet Training

Teaching a child to use the toilet and is based on their physical readiness

Digital Media

Electronic devices in children’s bedroom, 75% of cases can disrupt sleep

Malnutrition

Poor diets, lacking essential nutrients

Herd Immunity

When enough people are vaccinated, making it difficult for a disease to spread and protect those who aren’t vaccinated

Vaccine

Substances prepared from weaker or dead germs that help the immune system to fight a disease more effectively

Obesity

Health issue that affects both physical and mental wellbeing, measured in Body Mass Index (BMI) precentiles

Pavlov

Classical Conditioning Experiments, Dogs Salivating to bell sound, Learning through association

Brofenbrenner

Ecological systems theory, Multiple environmental layers influence development

Freud

Psychosexual Stages, emphasizes internal conflicts, indicts, and unconscious mind with childhood experiences

Erikson

Psychosocial Theory, personality develops through a series of psychosocial crises across the entire lifespan

Piaget

Cognitive Developmental Theory: Children’s thinking develops through distinct stages

Vygotsky

Sociocultural Theory, the crucial role of social interaction, culture and language in cognitive development

Bandura

Social Learning Theory, Children learn by observing and imitating others

Bowlby

Attachment Theory: important of early bond between children and their caregivers

1.Dendrite

Receives Message

2.Cell Body (Soma)

Processes Message

3.Nucleus

Decides to pass signal

4.Axon

Passes message along

5.Myelin (Myelin Sheath)

Speeds it up

6.Axon Ending

Prepares message for next neuron

7.Neurotransmitter

Carries signal across the gap

8.Synapse

Gap between the neurons when message is passed

9.Second Neuron Dendrite

Receives it on the other end

LB Philosphy

Children learn best in nurturing, supportive, safe environments, where individual and cultural differences are valued. Children learn and develop through active exploration and engagement.

LB Source of Inspiration

Reggio Emilia: The idea that a child is an individual with capabilities and competencies, has with and he right to use their voice democratically.