Grade 10 Bio

unit test

animal cell

does not have a cell wall or chloroplast and a small vacuole

plant cell

contains a cell wall, chloroplast and large vacuole

cell wall

A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell

cell membrane

A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

Nucleus

Control center of the cell

Vacuole

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, generates energy

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Network of membrane covered channels that transport materials that are made within the cell. This is connected to the nucleus.

Ribosomes

Makes proteins

Chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Centrioles

Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only

Golgi apparatus

A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

Lysosomes

An organelle containing digestive enzymes

arm

stage

objective lens

ocular lens

course adjustment knob

fine adjustment knob

40

total magnification on low (4x) power objective lens

100

total magnification on medium (10x) power objective lens

400

total magnification on high (400x) power objective lens

cell cycle

series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide

Mitosis

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

Interphase

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions

Prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

Metaphase

second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Telophase

phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

Cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

cell specialization

the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks

Ploem

Transports sugar and other molecules made by the plant throughout vascular plants

Xylem

vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant

Transpiration

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Stem Cells

An undifferentiated cell that can become many types of cells

Totipotent Cell

can become any kind of cell

Pluripotent Cell

Can become many, but not all types of cells

Unipotent Cell

Can only produce bone cells and skin cells

Induced pluripotent cell

Adult stem cells transformed or induced to becoming pluripotent cells

Respiratory system

takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Excritory system

Removes waste from the body

Digestive system

Breaks down food and converts it to nutrients

Lymphatic system

Recognizes and defends against infection

Muscular system

Produces movement

Intergumentary system

skin, hair, nails

Nervous system

Sends, receives, and interprets messages from the whole body

Reproductive system

Makes sperm and egg cells

Endocrine system

Makes hormones that relay chemical messages throughout the body

Vascular system

The flow of blood, nutrients, and gases

Skeletal system

Provides support for the body

AT and GC

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine. Base DNA pairs

Karyotype

an individual's complete set of chromosomes

Chromatid

Two identical halves of a chromosome

Centromere

Area where the chromatids are attached

Spindle fibres

Divides genetic material in a cell

Epithilial tissue

Skin and columnar

Muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

nervous tissue

made of neurons

Connective tissue

bone, adipose, and blood attacks