germany

Weimar Republic

"Democratic government of Germany 1919–1933; created after WW1."

Treaty of Versailles

"Signed 1919; blamed Germany for WW1

Spartacist Revolt 1919

"Communist uprising in Berlin; crushed by Freikorps."

Kapp Putsch 1920

"Right-wing attempt to overthrow Weimar; failed due to worker strikes."

Hyperinflation 1923

"Money lost value; savings wiped out; caused by war debts and reparations."

Occupation of the Ruhr 1923

"France & Belgium occupied industrial region to force Germany to pay reparations."

Stresemann

"Chancellor and Foreign Minister; stabilised Germany economy

Golden Years 1924–1929

"Period of relative economic stability and cultural growth in Weimar Germany."

Locarno Pact

"1925; Germany accepted borders with neighbours; improved international relations."

League of Nations 1926

"Germany joined; recognition as a major power."

Young Plan

"1929; reduced reparations and extended payment period."

Wall Street Crash 1929

"Global economic crash; caused German unemployment and instability."

Impact on Weimar

"Collapse of US loans; mass unemployment; extremism increased; Hitler gained support."

Nazi Party

"National Socialist German Workers’ Party; led by Hitler; promoted nationalism

Hitler

"Leader of Nazis; charismatic speaker; became Chancellor 1933; Führer 1934."

Munich Putsch 1923

"Failed coup in Munich; Hitler arrested and wrote Mein Kampf."

Mein Kampf

"Book by Hitler outlining ideology: lebensraum

Nazi propaganda

"Posters

Joseph Goebbels

"Minister of Propaganda; controlled media to influence public opinion."

SA (Sturmabteilung)

"Nazi paramilitary group; intimidated opponents; 'Brownshirts'."

SS (Schutzstaffel)

"Elite Nazi force; loyal to Hitler; ran concentration camps and security."

Hitler becomes Chancellor

"January 1933; appointed by President Hindenburg due to political instability."

Reichstag Fire 1933

"Building set on fire; blamed on communists; used to pass Emergency Decree restricting freedoms."

Enabling Act 1933

"Gave Hitler power to pass laws without Reichstag approval; started Nazi dictatorship."

Night of the Long Knives 1934

"Purge of SA leaders; secured loyalty of army and Hitler’s control."

Death of Hindenburg 1934

"Hitler combines Chancellor and President roles; becomes Führer."

Nazi control methods

"Propaganda

Gestapo

"Secret police; suppressed opposition and fear."

SS role

"Security

Nazi youth

"Hitler Youth and League of German Girls; indoctrination and physical training."

Nazification of education

"Curriculum focused on Nazi ideology; teachers monitored; textbooks rewritten."

Economic policies

"Rearmament

Strength Through Joy

"Organisation to control leisure and promote Nazi ideals."

Autarky

"Economic policy to make Germany self-sufficient."

Women in Nazi Germany

"Kinder

Law for Encouragement of Marriage

"Loans to couples with children; incentivised larger families."

Lebensborn

"Programme encouraging racially ‘pure’ births."

Persecution of Jews

"Anti-Semitic laws

Nuremberg Laws

"Stripped Jews of citizenship; forbade marriage with Germans."

Kristallnacht 1938

"‘Night of Broken Glass’; destruction of Jewish homes

Final Solution

"Planned extermination of Jews during WWII; led to Holocaust."

Opposition in Nazi Germany

"Swing Youth

Repression

"Use of terror

WW2 impact on Germany

"Economy focused on war; women conscripted; bombing raids; eventual defeat."

Defeat 1945

"Allied forces occupied Germany; Nazi regime collapsed."