Chapter 16 - The Cardiovascular System: The Blood

Blood

liquid connective tissue

Hematocrit

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes

Plasma proteins

proteins found in plasma. Play a role in maintaining proper plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Synthesized by the liver

Albumins

plasma protein. Main contributor to plasma colloid osmotic pressure. They serve as transport proteins for period hormones and for fatty acids.

Globulins

plasma protein. There types: alpha, beta, and gamma.

Serum

plasma that does not contain any fibrinogen and other clotting proteins.

Hematopoiesis (or hemopoiesis)

process by which blood cells are formed

Bone marrow

soft tissue that fills the internal spaces of bones is the primary site of hematopoiesis

Progenitor cells

cells that are committed to developing into just one or two types off blood cells

Heme and globin

Heme is a ringlike nonprotein pigment that is bound to each of the four chains of globin. Iron ion is found at the center which combines reversely with one oxygen molecule

globin is a proteins that consists of four polypeptide chains

Oxyhemoglobin

hemoglobin combined oxygen. Bright red

Deoxyhemoglobin

hemoglobin that releases oxygen. Dark red

Carbaminohemoglobin

carbon dioxide combines with amino acids in the globin part of hemoglobin

Hypoxia

oxygen deficiency in the tissues.

Hemostasis

sequence of responses that stops bleeding.

Hemorrhage

loss of a large amount of blood from blood vessels

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

a protein that causes proliferation of vascular smooth muscle fibres and stimulates fibroblasts to help repair damaged blood vessel walls.

Thromboxane A2

eicosanoid that is synthesized by platelets

von Willebrand factor (VWF)

a protein secreted into plasma by endothelial cells.

Thrombosis

blood clotting in an undamaged blood vessel

Tissue factor (TF)

complex mixture of lipoproteins and phospholipids released from the surfaces of damaged cells.

Fibrinolysis

dissolution of a clot

Thrombosis

clotting in an unbroken blood vessel

Thrombus

clot in an unbroken vessel.

Embolus

a blood clot, bubble of air, fat from broken bones, or a piece of debris transported by the bloodstream

Pulmonary embolism

embolus that lodges in the lungs

Agglutinogens

antigens that are on the surface of erythrocytes

Universal recipients

people with type AB blood. They can receive blood from donors of all four blood types because they have no antibodies to attack the antigens on donated erythrocytes

Universal donors

people with type O blood because they can donate to all four ABO blood types.