UTS L2

Bodily Appearance

what is seen by other people

Demeanor

Portrayal of a specific behavior in a particular setting

Body’s sensuality

refers to an individual’s consistency in the processes of his or her senses under certain circumstances

Schaefer (2013)

an individual can become deviant because of appearances; physical deviance is more interpretative than it is objective

Extend self (russel W. Belk) - 1988

the SELF also refers to everything else attached to both physically and socially; possessions create a sense of self because it is a direct form of evidence in how you perceive yourself; self does not only refer to what is perceived as “me,” but also to what constitutes as “mine.”

Impact of culture on body image and self-esteem

based on the work Anderson-Fye (1998), there are four areas of inquiry on human appearance in anthropology

Diversity of physical appearance

refers to how physical appears adapt to the environment factor and communal life

Cultural art practices

how you present yourself according to your culture

beauty ideals

these are specific standards of beauty that varies from one culture to another

collective identify through appearance 

indicates the sameness of tangible representation among a certain group

Placebo effect

refers to how a person’s behavior, attitude, or feelings can change when they are convinced that they have received or experienced something which causes change

Material self

consists of things that a person have or entities/institutions that a person belongs to

Components of the material self

home, immediate family, clothes, body

Hierarchy of needs

physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Physiological needs

air, water, food, shelter, sleep, clothing, reproduction

Safety needs

personal security, employment, resources, health, property

Love and belonging

friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection

Esteem

respect, self-esteem, status, recognition, strength, freedom

Self-actualization

desire to become the most that one can be

Consumption

the process by which we put to use the material or economic goods; evaluation of available resources; production of goods and services; distribution of goods and services

Self-congruity 

choosing products or branding that is congruent with your self-image, or at least you perceive it to be

4 types of self-congruity

positive self-congruity, positive self-incongruity, negative self-congruity, negative self-incongruity

Positive self-congruity

a positive product image and a positive self-image; most effective predictor of consumer behavior

positive self-incongruity

a positive product and a negative self-image

Negative self-congruity

a negative product image and a negative self-image

Negative self-incongruity

a negative product image and a positive self-image 

Product symbolic cues

stereotypic image of users of a product 

Retail patron images 

stereotypic images of different stores

Filipino spirituality

in order for us filipinos attain spirituality, religion is a common vehicle since it is in religion that cultural activities and traditions are embedded but for some people, religion is not the way

Dungan

is an old concept of the soul; a kind of spirit that you cannot see; when a person dies, the dungan that goes out of the body is now called kalag