L1-Intro to Biochemsitry

What makes up an Atom

• Electron

• Protons

• Nuetrons

What is the charge of an electron

Negative

What is the charge of a proton

Positive

What is the charge of a nuetron

Neutral

What makes up the nucleus of an atom

Protons and nuetrons

What are the most abundent elements in the human body

Oxygen

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Ionic Bonds

Atoms bonded by electrical charge

Covalent bonds

Atoms share electronsH

Hydrogen bonds

Attractive force between H ions bonded to N, or O to a neiboring N or O

Dipole force

Attractve force between polar molecules

How many bonds can carbon form

4

What is carbon typically bonded too

Nonmetal atoms

• Hydrogen

• Halogen

• Oxygen

• Nitrogen

Cations

Positve charged molecules

Anions

Negatively charged ions

Polarity

Unequel chariing of electrons making partial positive and negative charges

What do polar molecules like

Other polar molecules

Solvents

Liqued your disolving somthing in

Solutes

What youre disolving

Hydrophobic

Hates water

Hydrophilic (Polar)

Loves water

Equilibrium constant

Helps determine the direction of the reaction in regards to products and reactants

Small Km

Mostly reactants and only few products

Large Km

Mostly products and small amount of reactants

Km between 10^-3 and 10³

Similar amounts of both products and reactants

Low pH

High amount of hydrogen ions

High pH

Low amounf of hydrogen ions

Where is DNA contained in

Nucleus

What nucleotides does DNA contatin

A,C,G,T

What pairs with A

T

How is DNA formed

In a double helical structure

How is RNA comprised

In a single strand

What nucleotides does RNA use

A, G,C,U

What is RNA used to code for

Proteins

Transcription

DNA→ RNA

Translation

RNA→ amino acids