history chapter 14

Which of the following people was a Republican?

Abraham lincoln

Northerners associated "bully Brooks" with __________.

Slavery

Which of the following stirred sectional antagonism in the middle of the nineteenth century?

Kansas-nebraska act

How did most northern whites view the legality/constitutional of southern slavery?

a binding contract between slave and free states, and were likely to be prejudiced against blacks and reluctant to accept them as free citizens. They saw no legal or desirable way to bring about emancipation within the southern states.

During the 1840s, most northerners showed

they disliked slavery, they also detested abolitionism.

The northerns were inclined to view slavery as a

backward and unwholesome institution, much inferior to their own free-labor system

how did the northerns perceive slaveholders

power-hungry aristocrats seeking more than their share of national political influence.

Since Congress could admit new states to the Union under any conditions it wished to impose, theSince Congress could admit new states to the Union under any conditions it wished to impose, the

price of admission could include the abolition of slavery.

When specific territories were settled, organized, and prepared for statehood, slavery would be permitted

south of the line of 36°30' and prohibited north of it.

who did the north assume would prohibit slavery in new territories,

congress, a movement developed in Congress to do just that

What controversial activity did William Lloyd Garrison undertake to protest slavery?

publicly burned the Constitution,

what did William Lloyd Garrison condemn while burning the constitution

"a Covenant with Death, an Agreement with Hell

William Garrison spoke for a small minority dedicated to

Freeing the North, at whatever cost, from the sin of condoning slavery.

From what region in the U.S. did Congressional supporters of the Wilmot Proviso come?

northern Democrats who felt neglected and betrayed by the party's choice of Polk over Van Buren in 1844 and by Polk's "prosouthern" policies.

when did The Free-Soil crusade began

August 1846, only three months after the start of the Mexican-American War, when Representative David Wilmot, a Pennsylvania Democrat, proposed an amendment to the military appropriations bill that would ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico

Wilmot also proposed prohibiting

free African Americans from settling in the new territories.

Wilmot enhance the economic opportunities of the North's common folk by

preventing competition from slaves and free blacks.

northern Whigs endorsed the view that territory acquired from Mexico should not be used to

increase the power of the slave states.

In the first House vote on the Wilmot Proviso, a sectional cleavage replaced

party lines

who voted against and for the wilt proviso

Every northern congressman except for two Democrats voted for the amendment, and every southerner except two Whigs voted against it.

Wilmot proviso:

in 1846, shortly after the outbreak of the mexican-american war, congressman David wilmat of Pennsylvania introduced this amendment banning slavery in any lands won from Mexico

What position was taken by Zachary Taylor in 1848 with regard to slavery in the territories

refused to commit himself on the status of slavery in the territories, although he promised not to veto any congressional legislation on the subject. Noerthern

After Taylor won, he sought to bypass congressional debate by

admitting California and New Mexico immediately as states, skipping the territorial stage

what was the cause to Taylor admitting California and New Mexico immediately as states, skipping the territorial stage

triggered such strong southern opposition that others stepped in to seek a compromise.

What principle was incorporated into the Compromise of 1850 to please Democrats?

popular sovereignty

Principle

what was the popular sovereignty meant for democrats

the settlers could vote slavery up or down at the first meeting of a territorial legislature

Popular sovereignty:

the concept that the settlers of a newly organized territory had the right to decide whether to accept slavery

Compromise of 1850:

five federal laws that temporarily calmed the sectional crisis. The compromise made California a free state, ended the slave trade In the district of Columbia, and strengthen the fugitive slave law

The compromises of 1850 was Proposed in

February 1850, it took months to get through Congress.

what was the obstacles for the compromise of 1850

- President Taylor's resistance; although a southern slaveholder, Taylor opposed extending slavery into the new western territories.

- Another obstacle was getting congressmen to vote for the compromise as a single package, or "omnibus bill."

what change the obstacles for the compromise of 1850

President Taylor died and was succeeded by Millard Fillmore, who favored the compromise

During the compromise of 1850, As the price of Democratic support, the bills organizing

New Mexico and Utah as territories included the popular-sovereignty principle.

In southern state elections during 1850-1851, moderate coalitions defeated

the radicals who viewed the compromise of 1850 as a sellout to the North

who supported the compromise of 1850

the north

What did the Constitution explicitly give the federal government authority to do on the issue of slavery?

abolish the international slave trade

As a result of the Compromise of 1850, what did the North gain?

Admission of California as a free state

Which of the following people would have been the most likely to oppose the Wilmot Proviso?

Southern

Which of the following was included in the Compromise of 1850 to appease the South?

passage of a new fugitive slave law

What allowed settlers of a territory to vote for or against slavery at the first meeting of a territorial legislature?

Popular sovereignty

Why did Whigs tend to oppose acquisition of territory by the U.S.?

because they were likely to raise the slavery question and threaten sectional harmony

whigs opposing annexation was a strategy to

presented to southern voters as a good way to protect slavery, and to northerners as a good way to contain it.

Democrats had endorsed headlong territorial expansion with the promise of a

fair division of the spoils between slave and free states.

What was a goal for Stephen Douglas in his support of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

- Douglas wanted to organize the Kansas-Nebraska area quickly because he supported the expansion of settlement and commerce. He hoped a railroad would soon be built to the Pacific with Chicago (or another midwestern city) as its eastern terminus.

- As the main advocate for a new expansionism, he expected to win the Democratic nomination and the presidency in 1856.

In January 1854, Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois proposed a bill to

organize the territory west of Missouri and Iowa

why did Stephan Douglas want to organize west of Missouri and Iowa

this region fell within the area where the Missouri Compromise had banned slavery, Douglas hoped to head off southern opposition and keep the Democratic Party united by disregarding the compromise line and setting up the territorial government in Kansas and Nebraska on the basis of popular sovereignty.

during kansas-nebraska, A controversy over slavery in the new territory would slow down the process of

organization and settlement and hinder building the railroad

leader of the Democrats, Douglas also hoped his Kansas-Nebraska bill would revive the

spirit of Manifest Destiny that had given the party cohesion and electoral success in the mid-1840s

What impact did the Kansas-Nebraska Act have on two-party politics in the U.S.?

The act also destroyed what was left of the second-party system.The Whig party disintegrated.

The Democratic Party survived, but its ability to act as a unifying national force was impaired.

Douglas had split his party, which who voted against the legislation

Half of the northern Democrats in the House

The Democrats who broke ranks created

the storm that Douglas had predicted but underestimated

"Independent Democrats" denounced the kansas-nebraksa bill as

"a gross violation of a sacred pledge."

what did the memorial from 3,000 New England ministers described the kanasas-nebraska act

a craven and sinful surrender to the slave power

For many northerners—probably most—the Kansas-Nebraska Act was an abomination because it

permitted the possibility of slavery in an area where it had been prohibited

Except for an aggressive minority, southerners had not pushed for such legislation or even shown much interest in Kansas-nebraska act, but now

felt obliged to support it

the southerns support for the Kansas-nebraska act provided

ammunition to those who were seeking to convince the northern public of a conspiracy to extend slavery.

the Kansas-nebraska act made a concession to the South over extending

slavery without an equivalent concession to the North.

how did the northerns and southerns react to the Kansas-nebreska act

northern sectionalists would be fighting to regain what they had lost, while southerners would battle to maintain rights already conceded.

How were early elections in the Kansas Territory affected by pro-slavery forces?

- In the first territorial elections, thousands of Missouri residents crossed the border to vote illegally. The result was a decisive victory for the slave-state forces.

- The legislature not only legalized slavery, but also made it a crime to speak or act against it

who was the majority at the Kansas territory

Free-Soilers were already a majority of the actual residents of the territory when this legislature denied them the right to agitate against slavery

how did free-soiler protect their rights to agitate against slavery

they took up arms and established a rival territorial government under a constitution that outlawed slavery

what happen between the free oilers protesting their rights to be against slavery

A small-scale civil war then broke out between the rival regimes, culminating in May 1856 when proslavery adherents raided the free-state capital at Lawrence.

The Republican press had a field day with the events in Kansas, exaggerating the

violence, but correctly pointing out that the federal government was favoring a proslavery minority over a Free-Soil majority.

The image of an evil and aggressive "slave power," using violence to deny

constitutional rights to its opponents, aroused northern sympathies and won votes.

In the middle of the nineteenth century, most Whigs were __________.

Protestant evangelical

Which of the following was a consequence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Repeal of the Missouri compromise

John Brown took part in which of the following?

Pottawatomie massacre

In the Ostend Manifesto, the Pierce administration expressed its goal to acquire __________.

Cuba

Which of the following reflects the influence of nativism on American politics today?

Donald Trump's campaign promises

Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin and what was the source of its emotional impact?

- Harriet Beecher Stowe

- its emotional impact came from its portrayal of slavery as a threat to the family and the Cult of Domesticity.

When the saintly Uncle Tom was sold away from his adoring wife and children, northerners shuddered with horror, and some southerners felt a twinge of conscience.

when did the Literary abolitionism climaxed in 1852

Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom's Cabin,

what was the Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin

an enormously successful novel (it sold more than 300,000 copies in one year) that fixed in the northern mind the image of the slaveholder as the brutal Simon Legree

What was significant about the Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sandford?

- the real bombshell was the ruling that Dred Scott would not have won his case even if he had been a legal plaintiff.

- is residence in the Wisconsin Territory established no right to freedom because Congress had no power to prohibit slavery there. The Missouri Compromise was thus unconstitutional and so, implicitly, was the plank in the Republican platform that called for excluding slavery from all federal territories.

Dred Scott was a

Missouri slave who sued for his freedom on the grounds that he had lived for years in an area where the Missouri Compromise had outlawed slavery

why did the court decided the dred Scott v. Sandford case had no right to sue in federal court

the narrow ground that a slave was not a citizen

who encourage the court to accept the dred scot v Sanford case

President-elect Buchanan encouraged the Court to render a broader decision.

during the dred Scott v Sanford, On March 6, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney announced that the majority had ruled against

Scott

why did the majority vote against Scott during the case

Taney argued that no African American—slave or free—could be a citizen of the United States

What were the major points made by each man in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858?

- In the series of debates that focused national attention on the Illinois contest, Lincoln hammered away at the theme that Douglas was a covert defender of slavery because he was not a principled opponent of it.

- Douglas accused Lincoln of endangering the Union by his talk of putting slavery on the path to extinction. Denying that he was an abolitionist, Lincoln distinguished between tolerating slavery in the South, where the Constitution protected it, and allowing it to expand to places where it could legally be prohibited. he Founders had restricted slavery, he argued. Douglas and the Democrats had departed from the great tradition of containing an evil that could not be immediately eliminated.

In the aftermath of the Dred Scott decision, Stephen Douglas faced a

tough reelection campaign to the Senate from Illinois in 1858.

who was Stephen Douglas opponent during the 1858 campaign

former Whig congressman Abraham Lincoln

the Lincoln and Douglas debate was over

slavery in the territories

In the famous speech that opened his campaign, Lincoln tried to distance himself from his opponent(Douglas) by taking a more radical position:

"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free."

during the debate, Lincoln link Douglas to

proslavery conspiracy by pointing to his rival's unwillingness to take a stand on the morality of slavery, to his professed indifference about whether slavery was voted up or down in the territories.

during the debate, Lincoln then described the chain of events between the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Dred Scott decision as evidence of

plot to extend and nationalize slavery

For Lincoln, the only security against the triumph of slavery and the slave power was moral opposition to

human bondage

during the debate, Lincoln questioned Douglas on how

he could reconcile popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision.

how did Douglas respond to Lincolns question of popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott decision.

slavery could not exist without supportive legislation to sustain it and that territorial legislatures could simply not pass a slave code if they wanted to keep it out.

Douglas's most effective debating point was to charge that Lincoln's

moral opposition to slavery implied a belief in racial equality.

Lincoln, facing a racist electorate, affirmed his commitment to

- white supremacy

- grant blacks the right to the fruits of their own labor while denying them the "privileges" of full citizenship.

who won the debate in 1858

Republican candidates for the state legislature won a majority of the popular vote, the Democrats carried more counties and thus were able to reelect Douglas.

What was John Brown's intent when he and his followers raided Harpers Ferry, Virginia?

start an uprising against slavery.

how men did John brown led

18 men, including five free blacks, in seizing the federal arsenal and armory in Harpers Ferry

what was the result for John brown raiding harpers ferry

While he failed at that, and was hanged for treason, the sympathy and admiration he aroused in the North stunned southerners.

Why was Abraham Lincoln chosen to run for the Republican Party in 1860 and what contributed to his election?

- He was from Illinois, a state the Republicans needed to win; he seemed more moderate than Seward; and he had kept his distaste for Know-Nothingism to himself

- He was also a self-made man, whose rise from frontier poverty to legal and political prominence embodied the Republican ideal of equal opportunity for all.

Most of the delegates wanted a less controversial nominee who could win two or three of the northern states that the Democrats had carried in 1856, which was

Lincoln

what was election between north and south

In the North, the real choice was between Lincoln and Douglas; in the South, it was between Breckinridge and Bell.

what was Lincolns electoral college

By gaining the electoral votes of all the free states, except those from three districts of New Jersey that voted for Douglas, Lincoln won a decisive majority over his combined opponents

which of the following people would agree with the portrayal of slavery presented in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin?

Herman Melville

Why were many southerners concerned about Abraham Lincoln being elected president in 1860?

Since the birth of the republic, southerners had either sat in the White House or influenced those who did.Those days might now be gone forever. Rather than accept permanent minority status in American politics and face the resulting threats to black slavery and white "liberty," the political leaders of the Lower South launched a movement for immediate secession from the Union.

why were the southern insulted to their honor and interest for Lincoln winning the election

A candidate and a party with no support in their own section had won the presidency on a platform