Hydration and Homeostasis pt 3 (study alongside notes)

The main extracellular cation is:

Sodium

Your patient’s blood volume is low due to hemorrhage. What finding would you expect to see?

Increased HR

Which one of these patients is at risk for fluid volume excess? One who has:

Renal failure

Which assessment finding would you report as indicative of fluid volume excess?

Moist rales (crackles)

Fluid balance interventions include monitoring ____________ & ____________, modifying ____________ intake, and monitoring cardiovascular changes.

Intake; output; fluid

The nurse should assess ____________ status, monitor electrolytes, and perform daily ____________.

Respiratory; weights

A thorough ____________ assessment is important in patients with fluid imbalance.

skin

Neurologic assessments include monitoring ____________, ____________, muscle ____________, and ____________.

LOC; PERRLA; strength; reflexes

A solution that moves fluid from the intravascular space into the cells, causing them to enlarge, is called ____________.

Hypotonic

____________ solutions are used to dilute the extracellular fluid and rehydrate the cells.

Hypotonic

A hypotonic solution is given to dilute excess serum electrolytes, as in ____________.  An example of a hypotonic solution is ____________.

Hyperglycemia; ½ NS (0.45% Normal Saline)

The effect of a hypotonic solution on cells is that it causes them to ____________.

Swell / enlarge

____________ solutions have the same concentration of dissolved particles (tonicity) as intracellular fluid (ICF).

Isotonic

Isotonic solutions are used for extracellular volume replacement, such as after prolonged ____________. Isotonic solutions have ____________ effect on cell size.

vomiting; NO

Examples of isotonic solutions include ____________ and ____________.

0.9% Saline (NS); Lactated Ringer’s

___________ solutions have greater tonicity than intracellular fluid (ICF).

Hypertonic

Hypertonic solutions pull fluid from the ____________, causing them to ____________.

cells; shrink

This type of solution pulls fluid into the ____________ space by osmosis, increasing vascular volume.

vascular

Hypertonic solutions can lead to ____________ ____________ in patients with heart or renal failure.

pulmonary edema

Examples of hypertonic IV solutions include ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, and ____________.

D10W; D5NS; D5½NS; D5LR; 3% saline

The effect of hypertonic solutions on cells is that they cause ____________

shrinking of cells

The actions of IV fluids occur through the process of ___________.

osmosis

Hypotonic solutions are given to dilute excess serum electrolytes such as in ____________.

hyperglycemia

Isotonic solutions are used to ____________ volume.

expand

Hypertonic solutions are used to correct imbalances due to loss of electrolytes, such as from ____________ and ____________.

vomiting; diarrhea

Hypertonic solutions cause fluids to move from the:

Intracellular space to the extracellular space