Chapter 3 (HW) The Cell Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for Chapter 3: The Cell, covering cell structure, function, and processes.

Cell

Basic unit of life.

Plasma Membrane

In charge of what enters and leaves the cell.

Plasma Membrane Proteins

Channels, transporters, and receptors.

Chromosomes

Govern all cellular activity.

Ribosomes

Manufacture proteins.

Cytoplasm

Material that fills the cell.

Mitochondria

Nutrients being converted into energy (ATP).

Vesicle

Storage sacs, membrane bound, and move material.

Diffusion

Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules from low solute to high solute.

Osmotic Pressure

Solutions’ tendency to draw in water.

Hypotonic Solution

Less concentration compared to cytoplasm; cell will swell.

Hypertonic Solution

More concentrated compared to the cytoplasm; cell will shrivel (shrink).

Filtration

Movement of water and dissolved substances down from higher pressure to lower pressure gradient.

Active transport

Form of membrane transport that requires chemical energy

Phagocytosis

Process of engulfing large particles by the plasma membrane.

Chromosomes Chemical Composition

DNA makes up the chromosomes.

DNA Nucleotide Bases

A, T, C, G

Transcription

Copying of information from DNA to RNA (mRNA).

Translation

mRNA is decoded and assembled into chains of amino acids, to form proteins.

Cell Multiplication

Cells need to multiply for growth, repair, and reproduction.

Mitosis

Cell multiplication in which a parent cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells.

Uncontrolled Cell Reproduction Cause

Genetic mutations.