Chemistry 101 Language

Talk like a chemist

Monatomic Atoms

Singular atoms, They are in no way connected to each other. The atoms independently bounce around.

Noble Gases

Found in nature as Monotamic Atoms (1 atom isolated)

Very stable, not reactive.

Ex: Helium (He)— used in balloons for its low density and non-explosiveness

—> because it is non-reactive, it can take up more space.

Diatomic Gases

Found in nature as PAIRS. Composed of molecule contained of two atoms.

Are very reactive!! NOT stable.

Diatomic Gases include: H N F O I Cl Br

Atom

Smallest piece of matter that exists.

An element’s identity is based on its number of ___

Protons

An element’s “charge” is based on the removal or addition of ___

electrons

Protons and neutrons lie in the ___ of the atom called the ___. (is considered the heaviest/most dense part of the atom’s structure).

center, nucleus

Heterogenous Mixture

Homogenous Mixture

Are uniform, “same” mixtures of different types of atoms/molecules.

Molecules are distributed evenly throughout.

Ex: Air. Whe you walk around campus, there’s not one part that has more oxygen and one that has more nitrogen. It is distributed evenly.

Heterogenous Mixture

Are separated, “different” mixtures of different types of molecules/atoms.

Separation

Ex: Oil & Water— there is a clear divide when they come together in a container.

What weighs more: Protons & Neutrons or Electrons?

Protons and neutrons — hence why they are located in the center of the atom (most dense part, the nucleus)

Diatomic Gases can be remembered by the phrase:

Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer

Ag charge is

+1

Zn charge is

+2

Al charge is

+3

Ionic compounds consist of a ___ and a ________

metal and a nonmental

Cations are ____ charged

positively

Anions are ____ charged

negativly

When naming Ionic Compounds, you must do what to the charges beforehand?

Balance them!

When naming Ionic Copounds, you must change the ending to ___

“-ide”

Covalent compounds consist of two _____

non-metals

Covalent compound’s electrons are

shared

Whe naming COVALENT compounds, the first element must use its full name with the appropriate prefix EXCEPT for

mono

When naming COVALENT compounds, the second element uses the “ide” ending + the

proper prefix (can be “mono” since it is the second element and not the first)

Polyatomic Ions

most are anions (- charge), and one is a cation (+ charge)