GAS Test 1 Function, Innervation & Blood Supply

superficial back muscles (innervation)

branches of brachial plexus

intermediate back muscles (innervation)

intercostal nerves

deep back muscles (innervation)

dorsal ramii of spinal nerves

trapezius (motor I)

cranial nerve 11

trapezius (proprioception I)

anterior rami of C3 & C4

trapezius superior (F)

elevates scapula

trapezius intermediate (F)

retracts scapula

trapezius inferior (F)

depresses scapula

trapezius (BS)

transverse cervical artery

latissimus dorsi (I)

thoracodorsal nerve

latissimus dorsi (F)

extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus

latissimus dorsi (BS)

thoracodorsal artery

levator scapulae (I)

dorsal scapular nerve

levator scapulae (F)

elevates scapula

levator scapulae (BS)

dorsal scapular artery

rhomboideus major/minor (I)

dorsal scapular nerve

rhomboideus major/minor (F)

adduct and elevate scapula

rhomboideus major/minor (BS)

dorsal scapular artery

serratus posterior superior (F)

respiration. elevate ribs 2-5 during inhalation

serratus posterior inferior (F)

respiration. depress ribs 9-12 during exhalation. some action during inhalation too

serratus posterior superior/inferior (I)

anterior rami of intercostal nerves

serratus posterior superior/inferior (BS)

intercostal arteries

splenius capitis (F)

turn face to same side

splenius capitis (I)

posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

splenius cervicis (F)

turn face to same side

splenius cervicis (I)

posterior rami of lower cervical nerves

splenius capitis & cervicis (F)

draw head backwards & extend neck

erector spinae muscles

spinalis, longissimus, illiocostalis

erector spinae (bilateral F)

straighten back, return to upright position, draw head posteriorly

erector spinae (unilateral F)

bend spine laterally to same side & control vertebral column flexion

transversospinalis group muscles

semispinalis capitis & semispinalis cervicis

transversospinalis (bilateral F)

extend spine

transversospinalis (unilateral F)

rotate spine to opposite side

superior border of triangle of auscultation

inferior border of trapezius

inferior border of triangle of auscultation

latissimus dorsi

lateral border of triangle of auscultation

medial border of scapula

floor border of triangle of auscultation

posterior thoracic wall, rhomboid major, serratus anterior, erector spinae

anterior border of lumbar triangle of petit

external oblique

posterior border of lumbar triangle of petit

latissimus dorsi

base of lumbar triangle of petit

iliac crest

floor of lumbar triangle of petit

internal oblique

lumbar triangle of petit

a natural area of weakness in body wall

triangle of auscultation

an area with the least tissue between the surface and pulmonary cavities. allows for better auscultation during pulmonary examination

serratus anterior muscle (I)

long thoracic nerve

winged scapula

damaged long thoracic nerve

supraspinatus & infraspinatus muscle (I)

suprascapular nerve

pectoralis major heads

clavicular head (originates from medial 1/2 of clavicle) & sternocostal head (originates from medial part of ant. thoracic wall)

pectoralis major (F)

flex, adduct & medially rotate arm at glenohumeral joint

pectoralis major (I)

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

pectorals major (BS)

pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk, lateral thoracic a.

pectoralis minor (F)

protracts scapula but pulling scapula anteriorly and depresses lateral angle of scapula

pectoralis minor (I)

medial pectoral nerve

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis muscle (I)

musculocutaneous nerve

Hand of benediction

injury to median nerve in elbow region. inability to flex digits 2 and 3

Ape hand

injury of median nerve injury in forearm. Lost ability of opposition. can't pick up small objects

Claw Hand

ulnar nerve injury. cannot abduct or adduct fingers. interossei and lumbrical muscles of hand are paralyzed. cannot form tight grip

Wrist drop palsy

radial nerve injury. inability to extend hand at the wrist

Axillary artery

superior thoracic, thoraco-acromial, lateral thoracic, sub scapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral

Superior thoracic artery

supplies upper regions of the medial and anterior axillary walls

Lateral thoracic artery

supplies the serratus anterior muscles

serratus anterior (F)

protraction of scapula. upward rotation of scapula

serratus anterior (BS)

lateral thoracic artery

serratus anterior (I)

long thoracic nerve

Subscapular artery

largest artery off axillary partiers. supplier to postural wall of axilla (subscapularis muscles)

2 branches of sub scapular arteries

circumflex scapular arteries, thoracodorsal arteries

Circumflex scapular artery

supplies infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles

thoracodorsal artery

supplies latissimus dors muscles

anterior circumflex humeral artery

supplies glenohumeral joint and head of humerus

posterior circumflex humeral artery

supplies deltoid, teres minor, and glenohumeral joint

axillary vein

formed by the union of the veneer comitantes of the brachial artery and the basilica vein

Cephalic Vein

superficial vein. drains into axillary vein (near bicep)

Basilic vein

superficial vein (in hand). connects with the cephalic vein via the median cubital vein

deltoid (F)

abduct arm. anterior fibers - flexion, posterior fibers-extension

deltoid (I)

axillary n (C5,C6)

deltoid (BS)

posterior circumflex artery & deltoid branch of thoracoacromial a.

teres major (F)

medial rotation of arm at shoulder joint, extend arm

teres major (I)

lower subscapular n (C5,C6,C7)

teres major (BS)

thoracodorsal a., posterior circumflex humeral a.

neuromuscular supply to upper limb

brachial plexus, axillary artery, axillary vein (brachial artery & brachial vein)

intermuscular septa

separate arm into 3 main compartments. anterior compartment, posterior compartment and medial/neurvascular compartment

anterior compartment muscles

flexor compartment. biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis

anterior compartment upper arm (I)

musculocutaneous n

anterior compartment upper arm (BS)

brachial artery

posterior compartment muscles

triceps brachii

posterior compartment (I)

radial n

posterior compartment (BS)

deep brachial a

medial/neurovascular compartment

median nerve, ulnar nerve, brachial artery/vein, basilic vein

rotator cuff muscles

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

Why is humeral head larger than glenoid fossa?

provides great mobility at the cost of joint instability. mobility vs stability trade off

supraspinatus (F)

abduct arm at shoulder (sole abductor for first 15 degrees), stabilizes glenohumeral joint

supraspinatus (BS)

suprascapular artery

infraspinatus (F)

posterior rotation of arm at shoulder joint. stabilizes glenohumeral joint

infraspinatus (BS)

suprascapular a & circumflex scapular a.

teres minor (I)

axillary nerve

teres minor (F)

posterior rotation of arm at shoulder joint. stabilizes glenohumeral joint

teres minor (BS)

subscapular a, circumflex scapular a

subscapularis (I)

upper & lower subscapular

subscapularis (F)

medial rotation of the arm at shoulder joint. stabilizes glenohumeral joint

subscapularis (BS)

subscapular a

major arteries of shoulder

subclavian artery