Materials, Chemical Reactions, and Rocks Review

Practice flashcards covering chemical reaction evidence, reactants and products, the formation and types of igneous rocks, and the processes and fossils associated with sedimentary rocks.

In the reaction between iron and sulfur, what is the product that forms?

Iron sulfide

Identify the reactants in the reaction: Iron + Sulfur → Iron sulfide.

Iron and sulfur

What are three indicators that a chemical reaction has taken place?

Formation of gas bubbles, a color change, and the formation of heat, light (such as a flame), or smoke.

When cooking gas burns in oxygen, what are the reactants?

Cooking gas and oxygen

During the reaction of magnesium metal with oxygen, which observation represents a product?

The white powder

What evidence indicates a chemical reaction occurs when mixing vinegar and baking soda?

The formation of gas bubbles (carbon dioxide gas).

Why is the rotting of an egg considered a chemical reaction?

A gas that smells bad is formed.

In photosynthesis, what are the reactants used by plants like pond weed?

Carbon dioxide gas and water

What are the products of the chemical reaction when plants make food?

Oxygen and a sugar called glucose

How do igneous rocks form?

They form when magma or lava cool down into solid rock.

Define an intrusive igneous rock and describe its crystal size.

An intrusive igneous rock forms from magma cooling slowly inside the Earth's crust, resulting in large crystals.

Define an extrusive igneous rock and describe its crystal size.

An extrusive igneous rock forms from lava cooling quickly on the surface of the Earth, resulting in very small crystals.

Give an example of an intrusive igneous rock and an extrusive igneous rock.

Intrusive: granite; Extrusive: basalt.

What is the difference between weathering and erosion as described in the text?

Weathering is the process where heat and ice break up rocks, while erosion occurs when a river breaks down the bottom and sides of its valley.

What is the name of the process where layers of sediments build up on the sea floor?

Sedimentation (or accumulation).

Which sedimentary rock is formed from crushed sea shells?

Limestone

How does the grain size of sandstone compare to shale?

Sandstone is more coarse grained than shale.

According to the text, in which type of rock are fossils exclusively found?

Sedimentary rock

What was the previous use of the land that is now the West Coast Fossil Park?

It was a phosphate mine for $40$ years.

How many different animal species have scientists found fossils for at the West Coast Fossil Park?

More than $200$ different animals.

Identify several extinct animals whose fossils were found at the West Coast Fossil Park.

Huge bears, $3$-toed horses, different species of elephants, and short-necked giraffe ($Sivathere$).

How long ago do the fossils at the West Coast Fossil Park date back to?

$5$ million years ago