CHEM study of matter and sig figs

solid definition

definite (fixed) shape and a fixed volume

liquid definiton

indefinite shape and a definite volume

gas definition

indefinite shape and a indefinite volume

solid to gas

sublimation

gas to solid

deposition

gas to liquid

condensation

liquid to gas

evaporation

solid to liquid

melting

liquid to solid

freezing

physical changes are changes that…

cause no change in nature of pure substance

chemical changes are changes that…

produce a new substance

chemical property definition

what is observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change

physical property definition

something that can be measured without chemically a substance

examples of physical properties

length, width, height, color, texture, mass, volume, density, temperature, boiling/freezing point

examples of chemical properties

iron rusting, gasoline burning

pure substances are..

elements

elements are the ____ of matter

building blocks

elements cannot….

be broken into a simpler substance in a chemical change

elements are represented by

symbols

some element symbols come from

Latin, German language

compounds are..

combination of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio

ex: formulas like H2O

mixtures are ..

a combination of two or more pure substances that do not undergo a chemical change

homogeneous mixture are..

uniform properties throughout

heterogeneous mixtures are..

do not have uniform properties throughout

energy is..

the capacity to do work/transfer heat

changes in energy can be either

endothermic or exothermic

endothermic change

process that absorbs heat

exothermic change

process that releases heat

is melting an endothermic or exothermic change

endothermic

is freezing an endothermic or exothermic change?

is evaporation an endothermic or exothermic change?

endothermic

is condensation an endothermic or exothermic change?

exothermic

is sublimation an endothermic or exothermic change?

endothermic

is deposition an endothermic or exothermic change?

exothermic

what is kinetic energy?

the energy of motion

what is potential energy?

stored energy

law of conserevation of mass/matter

mass is neither created or destroyed in a chemical/physical property

law of conservation of energy

energy is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical or physical change

the coefficient of every scientific notation must be…

in between 1 - 10

the base of scientific notation will always be..

a 10

In scientific notation, a positive exponent (n) indicates that the original number was…

a large number (greater than or equal to 10).

In scientific notation, a negative exponent (n) indicates that the original number was…

a small number (between 0 and 1).

To convert a number greater than or equal to 10 to scientific notation, you move the decimal point to the ___ until only one non-zero digit remains to the left of the decimal, and the exponent will be ___.

left, positive

To convert a number between 0 and 1 to scientific notation, you move the decimal point to the ____ until only one non-zero digit remains to the left of the decimal, and the exponent will be____.

right, positive