The Universe - 2023

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73 Terms

1
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what is a star
a large celestial body composed of gas and emits light
2
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what is a galaxy
stars grouped together in a structure
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what are galaxies made up of
large collection of stars, gas, and dust
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list the 6 types of galaxies
barred spiral, irregular, spiral, peculiar, elliptical, lenticular
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estimate amount of galaxies
100 billion
6
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what does the universe contain
space and all the matter and energy
7
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what is the ozone layer
layer in the atmosphere which absorbs harmful solar radiation + other gases (keeps the earth toasty)
8
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what is a solar system
collection of stars and small bodies that orbits our sun
9
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another name for bodies
planets
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what is a planet
a spherical body which orbits the sun
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name the terrestrial planets
mercury, venus, earth, and mars
12
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qualities of the terrestrial planets
orbit nearest to the sun - rocky, dense, and relatively small
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name the gas planets
jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune
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qualities of the gas planets
orbit farthest from the sun - thick, gaseous atmosphere; small, rocky cores; ring system of ice, rock, and dust
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what are most stars made of
hydrogen and helium
16
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life cycle of the star
RAHHHHHH
RAHHHHHH
17
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name the process which energy produced in the core of a star
nuclear fusion
18
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what are galaxies
large collection of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity
19
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how many stars do dwarf galaxies contain
few billion stars
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how many stars do giant galaxies contain
hundreds of billions
21
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where is our solar system located
Milky Way
22
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why type of galaxy is the milky way
spiral galaxy
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spiral galaxy
shaped like a pinwheel, central bulge which two or more spiral arms extend
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elliptical galaxies
looks like spheres or ovals and do not have spiral arms
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irregular galaxies
splotchy, irregularly shaped - blob
26
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what is period of rotation
the amount of time taken for an object to rotate once (1 day)
27
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what is period of revolution
the time taken for an object to revolve around the sun once (1 year)
28
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what is gravity
a force that pulls all objects towards each other
29
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what is inertia
the tendency of an object to stay either at rest or in motion along a straight path
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what would happen if inertia was stronger than gravity
the objects would stay on their straight path and fly off into space
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what would happen if gravity was stronger than inertia
the objects would crash into the earth
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what do inertia and gravity do
work together to keep the moon orbiting the earth and to keep planets orbiting the sun
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what is a comet
small body made out of dust, rock, gas, and ice
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name parts of comets
nucleus, coma, ion tail, dust tail.
35
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what are astroids
large pieces of space rock with irregular shapes
36
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where do most asteroids orbit
sun in the asteroid belt located between mars and jupiter
37
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what is a meteoroid
pieces of rock or dust that are smaller than asteroids
38
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what is colour a clue about a star
the stars tempurature
39
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what is a binary star
pairs of stars, pulled together by gravity, that orbits each other
40
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what are binary star use to
determine the stars property
41
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light year
units used to express stellar distance → distance light travels in one year
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apparent magnitude
a stars brightness as it appears on earth
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absolute magnitude
how bright a star actually is
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what does the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram show
the relationship between the absolute magnitude and temperature of stars
45
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what is Cepheid variable
a stars whose brightness varies periodically because it expands and contracts
46
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list the ways a star can be classified
size, temperature, brightness and magnitude
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size meaning (star)
how massive the star is
48
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what colour do cooler stars have
red stars
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what colour do warmer stars have
blue stars
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what colour do medium stars have
yellow
51
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what does a H-R diagram do
compares the temperature, colour and luminosity of a star on a graph
52
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where is the temperature on the H-R diagram
horizontal (bottom axis) - hotter at left, cooler at right
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where is the brightness on the H-R diagram
vertical axis (left side) - brightest near top, dimmer near bottom
54
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name the two most common measurement for distance
* astronomical unit - AU
* light year
55
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what does the astronomical unit measure
the average distance from the earth to the sun (used when discussing distance within **our** solar system)
56
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who discovered redshift
Edwin Hubble
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what did Hubble’s discovery tell us about the universe
almost all galaxies were moving away from each other
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how does redshift work
shows how light moves towards longer or shorter wavelengths as galaxies and stars move closer or farther away
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what does it mean if a star is moving closer to the red side of the spectrum
it is moving farther away from the earth
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what does it mean if a star is moving closer to the blue side of the spectrum
it is moving closer to the earth
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what is cosmic microwave background radiation
shows that when the universe was young it was very hot and as it expanded it grew cooler
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who discovered the composition of the universe
Cecilia Helena Payne
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what did Payne discover
stars were mostly made of hydrogen and helium
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who discovered dark matter
Fritz Zwick
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what are space technologies used for
to enter and retrieve objects or life forms from space
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name the 3 present day space technologies
* hubble space telescope
* curiosity rover
* kepler spacecraft
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name the 3 future space technologies
* antimatter-powered rockets
* laser and microwave-powered rocket
* sun powered rocket
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what did Sir Isaac Newton discover
gravity, laws of motion, and the light spectrum
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what is gravity
an invisible force that pulls everything towards the centre of earth
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how is gravity measured
metres per second squared
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how is mass measured
measured by how much matter is in an object
72
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what is weight
weight is the force of a mass pushing down on the surface on which it is standingho
73
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how is weight neasured
in newtons