Anatomy Exam 3, Thoracic Wall

Carroll U Path-A

What is the superior thoracic aperture/inlet?

“doorway” between neck and thorax

The superior thoracic aperture/inlet is bounded by what?

T1 vertebrae and the 1st pair of ribs (manubrium)

Where is the suprapleural membrane located?

above the sternal end of the first rib

The inferior thoracic aperture/outlet is bounded by:

T12 vertebrae

12 pair of ribs, xiphisternal joint

What are the three largest structures that pierce the diaphragm?

IVC (T8)

Esophagus (T10)

Aorta (T12)

What components make up the posterior thoracic wall?

the thoracic vertebral column, T1-T12

What are the 3 components of the sternum?

Manubrium

Body (Gladiolus)

Xiphoid process

What bone defines the anterior chest wall?

sternum

The manubrium articulates with:

clavicles and 1st and 2nd costal cartilages

The sternal angle is also known as the:

Angle of Louis

How is the sternal angle formed?

by the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum

the body of the sternum articulate with the?

costal cartilages

The xiphoid process is made out of what cartilage when you are born?

Hyaline cartilage

Does the xiphoid process stay as cartilage as you age?

No

The hyaline cartilage will ossify with age

Costal cartilages are made up of what kind of cartilage?

Hyaline

Where does the costal cartilages attach?

ribs 1-7 attach to sternum directly

ribs 8-10 attach to the rib cage

Ribs 1-7 are known as the:

True ribs

Ribs 8-12 are known as the:

false ribs

What is 1?

jugular notch

What is 2?

Manubrium

What is 3?

Sternal angle

What is 4?

body of sternum

What is 5?

Xiphoid process

Where do ribs 1-7 attach to anteriorly?

to the sternum

Where do ribs 1-7 attach to posteriorly?

2 vertebraes (own and 1 above)

The 1st rib is only attached to:

T1

Where are ribs 8-10 attached to anteriorly?

join costal cartilages of superior ribs

Where are ribs attached to poseriorly?

2 vertebrae (rib 8 and or 9) and 1 vertebrae (rib 10)

Which ribs are considered the floating ribs?

11-12

Where are ribs 11-12 attached to anteriorly?

free floating

Where are ribs 11-12 attached to posteriorly?

one vertebrae (own)

Are these false or true ribs (in green)?

true ribs

What are these (in green)?

false ribs

What are these (in green)?

floating ribs

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

elevate ribs during inhale

What nerve innervates the external intercostal muscles?

intercostal nerve

What are the two parts of the internal intercostal muscles?

interosseous and interchondrial

What is the action of the interosseous portion of the internal intercostal muscles?

depress ribs

What is the action of the interchondrial portion of the internal intercostal muscles?

elevate ribs

What nerve innervates the internal intercostal muscles?

intercostal nerve

What is this (in green)?

external intercostal muscles

What is this (in green)?

internal intercostal muscles

What is this (in green)?

Transversus thoracis

The transversus thoracis is comprised of what 3 muscles?

Sternocostalis

Subcostalis

Innermost intercostal

What is the function of the transverse thoracis?

Weakly depress the ribs

What are the 4 additional muscles of the thoracic wall?

Levatores costarum (12)

Serratus anterior

Serratus posterior superior

Serratus posterior inferior

What is this (in green)?

Levatores costarum (12)

What is the function of the levatores costarum?

elevate ribs

What innervates the levatores costarum?

C8-T11

What is this (in green)?

Serratus posterior superior

What is this (in green)?

Serratus posterior inferior

What is this (in green)?

Serratus anterior

What innervates the serratus posterior superior?

intercostal nerves T2-T5

What innervates the serratus posterior inferior?

intercostal nerves T9-T11

subcostal nerve T12

What is the action of the serratus posterior superior?

Elevates the ribs

What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior?

depress the ribs

What are the 3 major openings of the diaphragm?

Vena cava foramen

Esophageal hiatus

Aortic hiatus

What innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

What is this (in green)?

Diaphragm

Clinical application, diaphragm: what causes hiccups?

Involuntary spasmic sudden inhale, stopped by closure of your glottis.

Fascia of the pectoral region is attached to what parts?

Clavicle

Sterum

What are the 5 areas of fascia of the thorax and UE?

Pectoral fascia

Axillary

Clavipectoral

Brachial

Antebrachial

What 4 muscles connect the UE and thoracic wall?

Pectoralis major and minor

Subclavius

Serratus anterior