Unit 1: Intelligence and Creativity

Intelligence

the ability to understand and adapt to the environment by using a combination of inherited abilities and learning experiences

Why was Alfred Binet asked to design a standardized intelligence test?

to identify kids who need extra help

What are Binets 4 important elements of intelligence?

comprehension: understand what the problem is. Direction: set up a goal and work towards it. Adaptability: make adjustments as needed. Self evaluation: look at solution/product to determine if completed correctly

How is an intelligence quotient calculated?

Divide mental age by real age, then times that number by 100

Why did David Wechsler design his intelligence test??

to measure real world intelligence in people without a formal education

Identify the main difference between the Wechsler test and the Stanford-Binet test

Wechslers could be used better on people without a higher education, or on people who have more real world intelligence

What areas of intelligence are measured by the Wechsler test?

Verbal scale: word comprehension and usage. Performance scale: problem solving without heavy use of words

Explain Gardner’s theory of intelligence

theory of multiple intelligences, measure intelligence by looking at an individuals aptitude in 8 areas: bodily kinestetics, interpersonal, intrapersonal, linguistic, logical, mathematical, musical, naturalistic, visual, and spacial.

Compare Sternburg’s theory of intelligence with Thurstone’s

Thurstone defined intelligence as primary mental abilities (7 of them): verbal comprehension, reasoning, perceptual speed, numercal ability, word fluency, associative memory, and spacial visualization. Sternburg believed that intelligence was triarchic (3): Analytical, creative and practical.

What sets Salovey, Mayer and Goleman’s theory apat from the others?

their theories were about emotional intelligence

What is the CHC theory of intelligence?

Intelligence has 7 factors: comprehension/knowledge, fluid intelligence/reasoning, short/long term memory, processing speed, visual processing, and auditory processing

What is the difference between fluid and crystalized intelligence?

fluid: problem solving and abstract thinking. Crystalized is knowledge and understanding gained from prior learning

How does Vernon explain intelligence?

3 things: Biology, result of you inheriting w/ environments, and a combination of those two factors. Believed nature was more important than nurture.

Are there similarities between Haier and Jungs theory and any of the others presented?

the ‘g’ factor, and that intelligence doesnt always make a person a good person

What was Stern’s contribution to the study of intelligence?

Stern developed the theory of IQ, or intelligence quotient

Why is intelligence always a subjective measure?

Definitions and tests of it reflect values of society, and different cultures/people value different skills

What are advantages for group testing?

its cheaper

What are disadvantages to group testing?

relys on language, no performance assessment

What are disadvantages to indivdual testing?

expensive

What are advantages to individual testing?

better picture of the individual, and there is a performance assessment

Superior intelligence

far above average IQ score (120 or higher), used to be considered a bad thing, they are just as successful, healthy and well adjusted

Intellectual deficiency disorder

below average intelligence, IQ is less than 80, common causes are genetics, injury, or illness. It is important to identify these individuals to get them the help they need

Prodigy

a person with an extraordinary talent or ability, usually a kid

What are the four types of savant syndrome?

Splinter scale: almost obsessive about memorization. Talented: performance, music, art and spacial skills. Prodigious: intelligence on a high level. Acquired: a result of injury or illness

Creativity

the mental processes that result in original, workable ideas

Set thinking

the tendency to solve problems the same way over and over: productive but generally not creative

Break set thinking

unusual, unexpected ideas, using typical problem solving methods in atypical ways, productive and creative

What is the relationship between IQ and creativity?

they dont neccessarily go together, however productive creativity usually results in a slightly higher IQ

Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal

Analyzes giftedness based on 5 components of critical thinking: inference, deduction, interpretation, awareness of assumptions, evaluation of arguments

Eby gifted behavior index

measures aptitude in 6 areas: verbal. social/leadership, visual/spacial, math/science, problem solving, mechanical/technical, musical

Torrance Test of Creativity

measures creativity according to a standardized scale: tests involve both visual and verbal elements including incomplete figures,

Systems Model

measures social value of creative work based on relationship between: person-creator, domain-category, field-authority in category

Requirements Model

creative work is assesed based on requirements establlished before the work is made

Guilford measures

measures creativity based on fluency: how many responses, flexibility: how many types of responses, originality: unusualness of responses, and elaboration: detail of responses

Taxonomy of creative design

looks at creative work as a product and measures it according to