module 4

Acetyl CoA that is consumed by the citric acid cycle is produced from which of the following biochemical pathways?

Glycolysis

Fatty acid oxidation

Purine catabolism

Urea cycle

Both A and B are correct

Both A and B are correct

The basic structure of biological membranes is a consequence of the physical properties of _______.

Proteins

Phospholipids 

Cholesterol

Water

None of the above are correct

Phospholipids

Which of the following is not a function of lipids

Energy storage 

Components of biological membranes 

Insulation

Source of acetyl-CoA

All of the above are functions of lipids

All of the above are functions of lipids

When triglycerides are mobilized from adipose tissue and used as fuel in other cell types.  What is a common role for the glycerol molecules that are generated during this process?

They can be used in glycogenesis

They can enter glycolysis

They can be used in glycogenolysis

They can enter the urea cycle

They can be used by pyruvate dehydrogenase

They can enter glycolysis

How many malonyl molecules will need to be made to synthesize a 20 carbon long fatty acid?

9 (# given - 2)/2

Phospholipids are

Structural components of membranes

Surface active agents

Rich energy sources 

Both A and B are correct

All of the above are correct

Both A and B are correct

Which of the following is not a function of phospholipases?

Membrane remodeling 

Signal transduction

Energy storage

Digestion

Toxic Phospholipases

Energy storage

Plasma lipoproteins transport _______ through the blood from one organ to another.

Triacylglycerols

 Phospholipids

Cholesteryl esters

Both A and C are correct

All of the above are correct

All of the above are correct

Lipolysis is used to

Degrade triacylglycerols

Prepare triacylglycerols for excretion

Remove lipid from membrane 

Cleave fatty acids into two carbon units

Convert fatty acids to glucose

Degrade triacylglycerols

Which of the following molecules are a precursor to cholesterol synthesis?

cortisol

estrogen  

testosterone

squalene 

estrone

squalene

w-6 Fatty acids

Have a double bond six carbon atoms from the carbonyl end of the chain

Have a double bond six carbon atoms from the methyl end of the chain

Have six double bonds in the molecule

Have three more double bonds than w-3 fatty acids

Contain six trans double bonds in the molecule

Have a double bond six carbon atoms from the methyl end of the chain

Glycerol from the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols is transported by the blood to the ____

Intestine

Stomach

Liver

Pancreas

A and B

Liver

Which of the following fatty acids have the highest melting point considering that all double bonds are cis double bonds?

The top image

The middle image

The bottom image

The top image

A membrane’s fluidity is largely determined by the percentage of

Phosphatidyl choline

Phosphatidylethanolamine

Fatty acids

Cardiolipin

Unsaturated fatty acids

Unsaturated fatty acids

Energy requiring transport mechanisms include

Primary active transport

Diffusion

 Facilitated diffusion

 Both A and B are correct

 Both A and C are correct

Primary active transport

Prostaglandins are involved in _________.

Ovulation

Inflammation

Digestion

Both A and B are correct

All of the above are correct

All of the above are correct

Cholesterol is a precursor of _________.

Aldosterone

Cortisol

Testosterone

Estrogen

All of the above are correct

All of the above are correct

Plasma lipoproteins transport _______ through the blood from one organ to another.

Triacylglycerols

Phospholipids

Cholesteryl esters

Both A and C are correct

All of the above are correct

All of the above are correct

Prostaglandins are involved in _________ 

Ovulation 

Inflammation

Digestion

Both A and B are correct

All of the above are correct

All of the above are correct

The myelin sheath

Surrounds nerve cell axons

Contains large amounts of cardiolipin

Facilitates nerve impulse transmission

Both A and B are correct

Both A and C are correct

Both A and C are correct

What is the systematic name of a fatty acid with the following abbreviation?

16:1cD9

cis-9-Hexadecenoic

cis-9-Octadecenoic

trans-9-Hexadecenoic

cis-9-Eicosenoic

cis, cis-9-Hexadecenoic

cis-9-Hexadecenoic

In addition to the prostaglandins and leukotrienes the autocrine regulators include:

Arachidonic acid 

Linoleic acid

Thromboxanes

Steroids

All of the above are correct

Thromboxanes

How many moles of NADH would be made if two moles of glucose proceeded all the way through aerobic respiration? (stopping after completing the citric acid cycle).  Only fill in whole numbers for your answer. 

Total number of NADH developed entered as a whole number = [____]

20

Acetyl CoA that is consumed by the citric acid cycle is produced from which of the following biochemical pathways?

Glycolysis

Fatty acid oxidation 

Purine catabolism

Urea cycle

Both A and B are correct

Both A and B are correct

_________ are the principal transporters of cholesteryl esters to tissues.

Chylomicrons 

Very low density lipoprotein

Intermediate density lipoprotein

Low density lipoprotein 

All of the above are true

Low density lipoprotein 

The role of very low density lipoproteins is

Scavenging the cholesterol from cell membranes

Transporting of lipids from liver to tissues

Transporting of cholesterol esters to the liver

Both A and B are correct

All of the above are correct

Transporting of lipids from liver to tissues

During the production of mevalonate, a necessary molecule in cholesterol biosynthesis,  reducing molecules are needed.  Which reducing molecule(s) are used during the formation of mevalonate?

NADH 

FAHD2

NADPH

FADPH2

NAD+

NADPH

Saturated fatty acids containing up to 16 carbon atoms are assembled in ________.

Mitochondria

Rough endoplasmic recticulum

Smooth endoplasmic recticulum

Peroxisomes

 Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

The conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA is inhibited by ________.

Glucagon

Epinephrine

Palmitoyl-CoA

All of the above are correct

None of the above are correct.

All of the above are correct

Phospholipids are

Structural components of membranes

Surface active agents

Rich energy sources

Both A and B are correct

All of the above are correct

Both A and B are correct