NMT English Vocabulary and Grammar Practice

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes for NMT exam preparation, including word formation rules, categorization of terms (A1-B2), phrasal verbs, idioms, fixed expressions, and frequently confused word pairs.

Suffix -ion

A suffix used to form nouns from the stem of a verb, such as preparation (підготовка) or attention (увага).

Suffixes -al, -ful, -y

Suffixes used to form adjectives, such as medical (медичний), beautiful (красивий), and sunny (сонячний).

Prefix un-

The most common prefix used to create words with opposite meanings and is the primary prefix for negating verbs (e.g., usable – unusable).

Prefixes il-, ir-, im-, in-

Specific prefixes used to form opposites: il- before 'l' (illogical), ir- before 'r' (irresponsible), im- usually before 'p' (impolite), and in- often before 'ac' or 'c' (inaccurate, incapable).

Biodegradable

A material capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms (біорозкладний).

Greenwashing

The practice of making false or misleading environmental claims (зелене маскування / фальшиві екологічні ініціативи).

Urban sprawl

The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas (розростання міст).

Bargain

A thing bought or offered for sale more cheaply than is usual or expected (вигідна покупка).

Jet lag

Extreme tiredness and other physical effects felt by a person after a long flight across several time zones (змінене відчуття часу через перетин часових поясів).

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks (кібербезпека).

Apprehensive

Anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen (тривожний).

Ecstatic

Feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or joyful excitement (у дуже щасливому стані, в екстазі).

Vaccination schedule

A series of vaccinations, including the timing of all doses (графік вакцинації).

Athleisure

A trend in fashion in which clothing designed for workouts is worn in other settings (спортивний стиль).

Milestone

An action or event marking a significant change or stage in development (важлива подія).

Commute

To travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis (добиратися на роботу чи навчання).

Energy-efficient

Using less energy to provide the same level of performance (енергоефективний).

Quinoa

A goosefoot found in the Andes, the seeds of which are used as food (кіноа).

Volunteering

The act of freely offering to do something or help others (волонтерство).

Ancestor

A person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended (предок).

Work-life balance

The division of one's time and focus between working and family or leisure activities (баланс між роботою та особистим життям).

Sportsmanship

Fair and generous behavior or treatment of others in a sports contest (спортивна чесність).

Precipitation

Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground (опади).

Curriculum

The subjects comprising a course of study in a school or college (навчальний план).

Thesis

A long essay or dissertation involving personal research, written by a candidate for a college degree (дипломна робота).

To act up

To function poorly or be naughty; to malfunction (барахлити, пустувати).

To back up

To support or reinforce a statement or theory with evidence (підтримати, підкріпити).

To be fed up (with)

To be extremely annoyed with a situation or person (бути ситим по горло / набридло).

To break down

To stop functioning (of a machine) or to decompose (of molecules).

To bring about

To cause something to happen (призвести до).

To call off

To cancel an event or agreement (відмінити / скасувати).

To carry out

To perform a task, experiment, or plan (виконувати / здійснювати).

To come across

To find or meet something or someone by chance (натрапити / випадково зустріти).

To come down with

To begin to suffer from a specified illness (захворіти на щось).

To cope with

To deal effectively with something difficult (справлятися з).

To do away with

To get rid of or abolish something (позбутися / скасувати).

To fall through

To fail to happen, typically of a plan or agreement (провалитися).

To get over

To recover from an illness or an unpleasant experience (одужати / пережити).

To look look forward to

To await something with anticipation and pleasure (з нетерпінням очікувати).

To put up with

To tolerate or endure something unpleasant (терпіти / миритися з чимось).

To run out of

To finish a supply of something (закінчитись).

To take after

To resemble a family member in looks or character (піти в когось / бути схожим).

The last straw

The final problem in a series of problems that makes a situation intolerable (остання крапля).

In mint condition

In perfect state, as if new (в ідеальному стані).

To beat around the bush

To avoid getting to the point of an issue (ходити навкруги).

To miss the boat

To be too late to take advantage of an opportunity (упустити шанс).

To spill the beans

To reveal a secret or private information (проговоритися / розповісти секрет).

Piece of cake

Something that is very easy to do (щось, що дуже легко зробити).

Bite the bullet

To endure a painful or difficult situation that is unavoidable (змусити себе зробити щось неприємне / стиснути зуби).

A blessing in disguise

A misfortune that eventually results in something good happening later on (немає лиха без добра / приховане благословення).

To make ends meet

To have enough money to pay for the basic things you need (зводити кінці з кінцями).

Accept vs. Except

'Accept' means to receive; 'Except' means excluding (приймати vs. за винятком).

Affect vs. Effect

'Affect' is a verb meaning to influence; 'Effect' is a noun meaning the result (впливати vs. результат).

Complement vs. Compliment

'Complement' means to add to in a way that enhances; 'Compliment' is an expression of praise (доповнювати vs. комплімент).

Principal vs. Principle

'Principal' refers to the head of a school; 'Principle' refers to a fundamental moral or rule (головний vs. принцип).

Stationary vs. Stationery

'Stationary' means not moving; 'Stationery' refers to writing materials (нерухомий vs. канцтовари).

Economic vs. Economical

'Economic' relates to the economy; 'Economical' means giving good value or being thrifty (економічний vs. економний).

Historic vs. Historical

'Historic' means famous or important in history; 'Historical' relates to the study of the past (історично важливий vs. пов’язаний з історією).

Borrow vs. Lend

'Borrow' means to take and use something with the intention of returning it; 'Lend' means to grant the use of something (позичати (брати) vs. позичати (давати)).

To take something at face value

To accept something as it appears without questioning its hidden meaning (прийняти щось за чисту монету).

To come clean about

To tell the truth about something that has been kept secret (розповісти правду).