World History and Geography Test, Unit 1: Prehistory [Krouse]

1000 years is a…

Millennium

The way people, goods, and ideas move between places

Movement

Half of the globe / can be measured in north south east or west

Hemisphere

AD means… / refers to a date after the birth of Christ / the larger the number, the more recent the date

Anno Domini

Where a place is located in relation to other places

Relative Location

Box on the map that shows symbols and what they mean

Map Key

Map that primarily displays geographical boundaries and features related to political divisions

Political Map

A group of places with at least one common characteristic

Region

100 years is a…

Century

Imaginary lines that circle the globe from north to south

Longitude

Imaginary lines that circle the globe from east to west

Latitude

A broad time period characterized by a shared pattern of life

Era

Line of longitude at 0 degrees / runs through Greenwich, England

Prime Meridian

10 years is a…

Decade

Theme of geography related to both physical characteristics (landforms, vegetation, and climate) and human characteristics (human population, economics, culture, etc.)

Place

AD is the same as CE, which means…

Common Era

Position measured by latitude and longitude

Absolute Location

BC means… / the smaller the number, the more recent the date

Before Christ

Line of latitude midway between the North and South poles

Equator

Map that shows the topography of the land

Physical Map

Traveling from place to place following food sources

Nomadic

32 genera of large mammals that went extinct between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago

Mega Fauna

"Upright man" / first species to create and control fire - cooking their food led to evolutionary changes / loved 1.6 million to 30,000 years ago / oldest known early humans to have possessed modern human-like body proportions / first to live in hunter-gatherer societies

Homo Erectus

Descendants of homo erectus individuals who settled on the island of Flores in the Indonesian archipelago / "island dwarfism" is a theory that explains their small size

Homo Floresiensis

“Wise human" / only human species that still exists / emerged roughly 350,000 years ago in Eastern and Southern Africa

Homo Sapiens

Lived in clans and were nomadic / developed oral language and created cave art

Hunter Gatherers

Wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement / made an increasingly large populations possible

Agricultural Revolution

"Old Stone Age" / period characterized by the development and use of basic stone tools and a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle / spanned from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago (end of the last Ice Age)

Paleolithic Era

"New Stone Age" / period where humans transitioned from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled agriculture - marked by the domestication of plants and animals and the development of permanent villages

Neolithic Era

Lived in permanent settlements / domesticated plants and animals / used advanced tools - making pottery and developing weaving skills

Sedentary Societies

“Man of skill" / made the first stone tools found in the archaeological record / lived 2.5 to 1.5 million years ago in Eastern and Southern Africa

Homo Habilis

Taxonomic family of primates, including humans, orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees

Hominid

Region of the continent where Homo sapiens probably first appeared approximately 200,000 years ago / Out of Africa theory maintains that Homo sapiens evolved from a group of Homo erectus individuals in ____ ____ that then subsequently spread out throughout Africa, Asia, Europe

East Africa

Broad term for the earliest known art-making in human history during the Paleolithic Era / often depicted animals, hunting scenes, and abstract symbols believed to have symbolic or religious significance

Cave Art

One of the earliest defining human traits - the ability to walk on two legs - evolved over four million years ago

Bipedalism

Branch of anthropology that studies human activity through the recovery and analysis of human remains, settlements, fossils, and artifacts

Archeology

Taming an animal OR the cultivation of a plant for food

Domestication

First full Australopithecus skeleton discovered in Ethiopia / she lived 3.2 million years ago, had a small brain, and was only about one meter tall

Lucy

Generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens / lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago / first early humans to wear clothing / "football skulls"

Neanderthal

Fertile Crescent

Considered the place where plants and animals were first domesticated

Çatalhöyük

Neolithic urban center in what is now Turkey / wall paintings and relief sculptures contribute to the understanding of the culture and beliefs of the people who lived there

Jericho

Has the oldest known protective wall in the world and a cylindrical stone tower / strong evidence for cult or religious belief at site

Aleppo

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world / city’s location on a hill with natural defensive advantages, fertile land, and access to water made it a good place for early settlers to build homes

Stonehenge

Megalithic structure located in southern England

Megalith

A large stone that forms a prehistoric monument

Göbekli Tepe

Among the world's oldest megaliths / where geneticists found evidence of the world's oldest domesticated strains of wheat (einkorn wheat / bread)