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1000 years is a…
Millennium
The way people, goods, and ideas move between places
Movement
Half of the globe / can be measured in north south east or west
Hemisphere
AD means… / refers to a date after the birth of Christ / the larger the number, the more recent the date
Anno Domini
Where a place is located in relation to other places
Relative Location
Box on the map that shows symbols and what they mean
Map Key
Map that primarily displays geographical boundaries and features related to political divisions
Political Map
A group of places with at least one common characteristic
Region
100 years is a…
Century
Imaginary lines that circle the globe from north to south
Longitude
Imaginary lines that circle the globe from east to west
Latitude
A broad time period characterized by a shared pattern of life
Era
Line of longitude at 0 degrees / runs through Greenwich, England
Prime Meridian
10 years is a…
Decade
Theme of geography related to both physical characteristics (landforms, vegetation, and climate) and human characteristics (human population, economics, culture, etc.)
Place
AD is the same as CE, which means…
Common Era
Position measured by latitude and longitude
Absolute Location
BC means… / the smaller the number, the more recent the date
Before Christ
Line of latitude midway between the North and South poles
Equator
Map that shows the topography of the land
Physical Map
Traveling from place to place following food sources
Nomadic
32 genera of large mammals that went extinct between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago
Mega Fauna
"Upright man" / first species to create and control fire - cooking their food led to evolutionary changes / loved 1.6 million to 30,000 years ago / oldest known early humans to have possessed modern human-like body proportions / first to live in hunter-gatherer societies
Homo Erectus
Descendants of homo erectus individuals who settled on the island of Flores in the Indonesian archipelago / "island dwarfism" is a theory that explains their small size
Homo Floresiensis
“Wise human" / only human species that still exists / emerged roughly 350,000 years ago in Eastern and Southern Africa
Homo Sapiens
Lived in clans and were nomadic / developed oral language and created cave art
Hunter Gatherers
Wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement / made an increasingly large populations possible
Agricultural Revolution
"Old Stone Age" / period characterized by the development and use of basic stone tools and a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle / spanned from about 2.5 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago (end of the last Ice Age)
Paleolithic Era
"New Stone Age" / period where humans transitioned from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to settled agriculture - marked by the domestication of plants and animals and the development of permanent villages
Neolithic Era
Lived in permanent settlements / domesticated plants and animals / used advanced tools - making pottery and developing weaving skills
Sedentary Societies
“Man of skill" / made the first stone tools found in the archaeological record / lived 2.5 to 1.5 million years ago in Eastern and Southern Africa
Homo Habilis
Taxonomic family of primates, including humans, orangutans, gorillas, and chimpanzees
Hominid
Region of the continent where Homo sapiens probably first appeared approximately 200,000 years ago / Out of Africa theory maintains that Homo sapiens evolved from a group of Homo erectus individuals in ____ ____ that then subsequently spread out throughout Africa, Asia, Europe
East Africa
Broad term for the earliest known art-making in human history during the Paleolithic Era / often depicted animals, hunting scenes, and abstract symbols believed to have symbolic or religious significance
Cave Art
One of the earliest defining human traits - the ability to walk on two legs - evolved over four million years ago
Bipedalism
Branch of anthropology that studies human activity through the recovery and analysis of human remains, settlements, fossils, and artifacts
Archeology
Taming an animal OR the cultivation of a plant for food
Domestication
First full Australopithecus skeleton discovered in Ethiopia / she lived 3.2 million years ago, had a small brain, and was only about one meter tall
Lucy
Generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens / lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago / first early humans to wear clothing / "football skulls"
Neanderthal
Fertile Crescent
Considered the place where plants and animals were first domesticated
Çatalhöyük
Neolithic urban center in what is now Turkey / wall paintings and relief sculptures contribute to the understanding of the culture and beliefs of the people who lived there
Jericho
Has the oldest known protective wall in the world and a cylindrical stone tower / strong evidence for cult or religious belief at site
Aleppo
One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world / city’s location on a hill with natural defensive advantages, fertile land, and access to water made it a good place for early settlers to build homes
Stonehenge
Megalithic structure located in southern England
Megalith
A large stone that forms a prehistoric monument
Göbekli Tepe
Among the world's oldest megaliths / where geneticists found evidence of the world's oldest domesticated strains of wheat (einkorn wheat / bread)