Rock & Mineral Identification Quiz

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46 Terms

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Andesite

igneous rock, fine-grained, aphanitic, plagioclase feldspars dominate with some amphibole and pyroxene

<p>igneous rock, fine-grained, aphanitic, plagioclase feldspars dominate with some amphibole and pyroxene</p>
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Basalt

igneous rock, fine-grained, aphanitic, plagioclase feldspars, pyroxene and olivine dominate

<p>igneous rock, fine-grained, aphanitic, plagioclase feldspars, pyroxene and olivine dominate</p>
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Diorite

igneous rock, course-grained rock, phaneritic, plagioclase feldspars dominate with some amphibole and pyroxene

<p>igneous rock, course-grained rock, phaneritic, plagioclase feldspars dominate with some amphibole and pyroxene</p>
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Gabbro

igenous rock, course-grained, phaneritic, plagioclase feldspars, pyroxene and olivine dominate

<p>igenous rock, course-grained, phaneritic, plagioclase feldspars, pyroxene and olivine dominate</p>
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Granite

igneous rock, course-grained, phaneritic, quartz, potassium and plagioclase feldspars dominate with some mica and amphibole

<p>igneous rock, course-grained, phaneritic, quartz, potassium and plagioclase feldspars dominate with some mica and amphibole</p>
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Periodotite

igneous rock, course-grained, phaneritic, periodotitic

<p>igneous rock, course-grained, phaneritic, periodotitic</p>
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Pumice

igneous rock, frothy texture, very light

<p>igneous rock, frothy texture, very light</p>
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Obsidian

igneous rock, glassy, very rare

<p>igneous rock, glassy, very rare</p>
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Conglomerate

sedimentary rock, >2mm larger than sand-size grains, rounded clasts, composition: rock fragments

<p>sedimentary rock, &gt;2mm larger than sand-size grains, rounded clasts, composition: rock fragments</p>
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Breccia

sedimentary rock, >2mm larger than sand-size grains, angular clasts, composition: rock fragments

<p>sedimentary rock, &gt;2mm larger than sand-size grains, angular clasts, composition: rock fragments</p>
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Quartz Sandstone

sedimentary rock, sand-size grains, mostly quartz, composition: rock fragments

<p>sedimentary rock, sand-size grains, mostly quartz, composition: rock fragments</p>
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Lithic Sandstone

sedimentary rock, sand-size grains, mostly rock fragments, composition: rock fragments

<p>sedimentary rock, sand-size grains, mostly rock fragments, composition: rock fragments</p>
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Arkose Sandstone

sedimentary rock, sand-size grains, feldspar-rich, composition: rock fragments

<p>sedimentary rock, sand-size grains, feldspar-rich, composition: rock fragments</p>
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Shale

sedimentary rock, fine-grained, compacts from silt & clay-size mineral particles (mud)

<p>sedimentary rock, fine-grained, compacts from silt &amp; clay-size mineral particles (mud)</p>
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Fossiliferous Limestone

sedimentary rock, biogenic, composition: calcite, shells are obvious, will react with dilute acid

<p>sedimentary rock, biogenic, composition: calcite, shells are obvious, will react with dilute acid</p>
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Limestone

sedimentary rock, composition: calcite, interlocking crystals, will react with dilute acid

<p>sedimentary rock, composition: calcite, interlocking crystals, will react with dilute acid</p>
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Dolostone

sedimentary rock, composition: dolomite, crystals are too small, will only react with dilute acid if powdered

<p>sedimentary rock, composition: dolomite, crystals are too small, will only react with dilute acid if powdered</p>
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Halite

sedimentary rock, composition: halite, tastes salty

<p>sedimentary rock, composition: halite, tastes salty</p>
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Rock Gypsum

sedimentary rock, composition: gypsum, any color, very soft (<fingernail)

<p>sedimentary rock, composition: gypsum, any color, very soft (&lt;fingernail)</p>
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Chert

sedimentary rock, composition: quartz, crystals too small to be seen, very hard (>glass), conchoidal fracture

<p>sedimentary rock, composition: quartz, crystals too small to be seen, very hard (&gt;glass), conchoidal fracture</p>
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Coal

sedimentary rock, plant fragments or charcoal, black in color, very light, burns

<p>sedimentary rock, plant fragments or charcoal, black in color, very light, burns</p>
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Graphite

Metallic mineral; gray to black greasy feel, marks paper, hardness 1 (soft), black streak

<p>Metallic mineral; gray to black greasy feel, marks paper, hardness 1 (soft), black streak</p>
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Chalcopyrite

Metallic mineral; brassy to golden yellow, may tarnish to iridescent purple & blue, hardness 3.5-4, greenish black streak

<p>Metallic mineral; brassy to golden yellow, may tarnish to iridescent purple &amp; blue, hardness 3.5-4, greenish black streak</p>
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Galena

Metallic mineral; silver gray, massive or cubic crystals, hardness 2.5, black to gray streak

<p>Metallic mineral; silver gray, massive or cubic crystals, hardness 2.5, black to gray streak</p>
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Hematite

Metallic mineral; steel gray (metallic) to dark red/brown (earthy), hardness 6(metallic) and 1.5(earthy), red brown streak

<p>Metallic mineral; steel gray (metallic) to dark red/brown (earthy), hardness 6(metallic) and 1.5(earthy), red brown streak</p>
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Magnetite

Metallic mineral; dark gray to black, magnetic, hardness 6 (hard), black streak

<p>Metallic mineral; dark gray to black, magnetic, hardness 6 (hard), black streak</p>
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Pyrite

Metallic mineral; brassy to golden yellow, massive or cubic crystals (fools gold), hardness 6-6.5 (hard), greenish black streak

<p>Metallic mineral; brassy to golden yellow, massive or cubic crystals (fools gold), hardness 6-6.5 (hard), greenish black streak</p>
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Muscovite

Rock-forming mineral; colorless to silvery white, one perfect cleavage, forms sheets, hardness 2-2.5 (soft)

<p>Rock-forming mineral; colorless to silvery white, one perfect cleavage, forms sheets, hardness 2-2.5 (soft)</p>
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Pyroxene Group

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 5-6 (harder than glass), black to dark green, 2 cleavages meet nearly at 90 degrees (good cleavage)

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 5-6 (harder than glass), black to dark green, 2 cleavages meet nearly at 90 degrees (good cleavage)</p>
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Biotite

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 2.5-3, black to brownish black, one perfect cleavage, forms sheets

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 2.5-3, black to brownish black, one perfect cleavage, forms sheets</p>
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Calcite

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 3, clear or white, three cleavages that forms rhombs, reacts with dilute acid

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 3, clear or white, three cleavages that forms rhombs, reacts with dilute acid</p>
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Dolomite

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 3.5-4, white, gray, or buff, three cleavages, only reacts with dilute acid when mineral is crushed into powder

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 3.5-4, white, gray, or buff, three cleavages, only reacts with dilute acid when mineral is crushed into powder</p>
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Gypsum

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 2 (very soft), clear to white, or gray, one perfect cleavage (two poor cleavages), massive or fibrous

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 2 (very soft), clear to white, or gray, one perfect cleavage (two poor cleavages), massive or fibrous</p>
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Halite (Rock-forming mineral)

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 2.5 (fingernail), clear to gray, three perfect cleavages at right angles (cubic), tastes salty

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 2.5 (fingernail), clear to gray, three perfect cleavages at right angles (cubic), tastes salty</p>
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Olivine

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 6.5-7 (harder than glass), olive to yellow green, vitreous (glassy), granular masses

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 6.5-7 (harder than glass), olive to yellow green, vitreous (glassy), granular masses</p>
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Plagioclase Group

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 6 (about as hard as glass), white to dark gray, 2 cleavages at nearly 90 degrees, parallel striations on some faces

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 6 (about as hard as glass), white to dark gray, 2 cleavages at nearly 90 degrees, parallel striations on some faces</p>
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Potassium Feldspar

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 6 (about as hard as glass), pink, green, white, light gray, 2 cleavage directions at nearly right angles

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 6 (about as hard as glass), pink, green, white, light gray, 2 cleavage directions at nearly right angles</p>
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Quartz

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 7 (harder than glass), clear or variety of colors from pink to black depending on impurities, six-sided crystals, conchoidal fracture

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 7 (harder than glass), clear or variety of colors from pink to black depending on impurities, six-sided crystals, conchoidal fracture</p>
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Hematite (rock-forming mineral)

Rock-forming mineral; hardness 1.5 (very soft), dark red/brown earthy luster, red/brown streak

<p>Rock-forming mineral; hardness 1.5 (very soft), dark red/brown earthy luster, red/brown streak</p>
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Amphibolite

metamorphic rock, coarse-grained, green, brown, or black amphibole minerals and plagioclase feldspar, can form from basalt and gabbro

<p>metamorphic rock, coarse-grained, green, brown, or black amphibole minerals and plagioclase feldspar, can form from basalt and gabbro</p>
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Gneiss

metamorphic rock, banded appearance, granular mineral grains, contains quartz or feldspar minerals

<p>metamorphic rock, banded appearance, granular mineral grains, contains quartz or feldspar minerals</p>
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Marble

metamorphic rock, forms from limestone or calcite mineral

<p>metamorphic rock, forms from limestone or calcite mineral</p>
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Phyllite

metamorphic rock, fine-grained mica, lustrous and sometimes wrinkled

<p>metamorphic rock, fine-grained mica, lustrous and sometimes wrinkled</p>
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Quartzite

metamorphic rock, non-foliated, metamorphism of sandstone, composed mainly of quartz

<p>metamorphic rock, non-foliated, metamorphism of sandstone, composed mainly of quartz</p>
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Schist

metamorphic rock, foliation, a lot of mica which allows the rock to split into thin pieces

<p>metamorphic rock, foliation, a lot of mica which allows the rock to split into thin pieces</p>
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Slate

metamorphic rock, foliated, metamorphosed from shale or mudstone, clay materials, light gray to dark gray

<p>metamorphic rock, foliated, metamorphosed from shale or mudstone, clay materials, light gray to dark gray</p>

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