Periodic Table: Metals, Non-Metals, and Ion Formation

A set of vocabulary flashcards reviewing key concepts regarding the structure of the periodic table, metal reactivity, and positive ion formation.

Metals

Elements located on the left and in the center of the periodic table, constituting the majority of all elements.

Non-metals

Elements located on the right side of the periodic table.

Group 1 and Group 2 Metals

Highly reactive metals positioned on the far left of the periodic table.

Transition Metals

Metals located in the center of the periodic table that are generally less reactive than Group 1 and Group 2 metals.

Group 0 (Noble Gases)

Elements that have a full outer electron shell, rendering them stable and unreactive.

Metal Reaction Rule

When metals react, they lose their outer electrons to obtain a full outer shell, achieving the stable electronic structure of a Group 0 noble gas and forming positive ions.

Ion

An atom that carries an overall positive or negative electrical charge because the number of positive protons and negative electrons do not cancel out.

Ion Notation

A visual representation of an ion drawn with square brackets around the electronic structure and the overall charge written in the top-right corner.

Lithium Atom

A Group 1 element containing $3$ protons in its nucleus and $3$ electrons, with $1$ electron in its outer shell.

Lithium Ion

An ion formed when a lithium atom loses its $1$ outer electron, leaving $3$ protons and $2$ electrons for an overall charge of $+1$.

Sodium Atom

A Group 1 element containing $11$ protons in its nucleus and $11$ electrons, with $1$ electron in its outer shell.

Sodium Ion

An ion formed when a sodium atom loses its $1$ outer electron, leaving $11$ protons and $10$ electrons for an overall charge of $+1$.

Aluminum Atom

A Group 3 metal atom that contains $3$ outer electrons, which it loses during reactions to attain a full outer shell.

Beryllium Ion

An ion formed when a beryllium atom with $4$ protons loses its $2$ outer electrons, leaving $2$ electrons for an overall charge of $+2$.