CH.10 VOCAB HISTORY EXAM

Otto von Bismarck

a leader from Prussia who succeeded in unifying German-speaking states under Prussian rule

Realpolitik

realistic politics based on the needs of the state

Kulturkampf

the "battle for civilization" in which Bismarck took several measures to make Catholics put loyalty to the state above allegiance to the Church

social welfare

programs to help certain groups of people in a society

Camillo Cavour

a politician who worked to unify Italy

Giuseppe Garibaldi

a nationalist military leader who worked with Cavour to create an unified Italy

anarchist

person who wants to abolish all government

Francis Joseph

Hapsburg emperor of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

Ferenc Deak

a moderate Hungarian leader who helped work out the compromise that created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

Dual Monarchy

an agreement that made Austria and Hungary different states with their own constitutions and parliaments, but with shared ministries of finance, defense, and foreign affairs

Alexander II

ruler of Prussia who came to the throne in 1855; responsible for some reforms in Russia, but was eventually assassinated by radicals

Crimean War

a war that broke out when Russia invaded Ottoman lands along the Danube; ended in Russian defeat

zemstvo

an elected assembly in Russia that was responsible for road repair, schools, and agriculture at a local level

pogrom

a violent mob attack on Jewish people