Distance Measurements - CESURV30: Fundamentals of Surveying

Flashcards covering key concepts from distance measurement, including distance types, measurement tools, units, EDM methods, pacing, and common surveying instruments.

What are the three distance types used in distance measurement?

Horizontal distance, vertical distance, and slope distance.

What units are used for distance measurements?

Feet (foot units) and meters (SI units).

How can horizontal and slope distances be measured?

Using a fiberglass or steel tape or an electronic distance measuring device (EDM).

How can vertical distances be measured?

With a tape, the surveyor's level and leveling rod, or a total station.

What do H, V, Z, and S denote in distance measurement diagrams?

H = horizontal distance; V = vertical distance; Z = zenith angle; S = slope distance.

What does EDM stand for?

Electronic Distance Measurement.

What are the two methods used in EDM?

Pulse Method and Phase Difference Method.

What is Pacing in surveying?

A distance measurement method based on stepping; a pace is one step, and a stride is two paces.

What is the Pace Factor?

Distance per pace (distance divided by the number of paces).

What are some uses and limitations of pacing?

Useful for checking positions of markers on horizontal surfaces; not suitable for rough ground or slopes; accuracy around 1:100 on horizontal surfaces.

What is an odometer used for in surveying?

Measuring distance from a known corner to property lines; using a measuring wheel for distances at accident scenes.

What is a Gunter's Chain?

A traditional distance measuring device used in surveying.

What is Taping?

A method for short distances; fiberglass tapes offer about half-centimeter accuracy; steel tapes offer accuracy to the nearest hundredth of a foot or nearest millimeter.

What is the difference between fiberglass and steel tapes in accuracy?

Fiberglass tapes: approximately 0.5 cm accuracy; Steel tapes: approximately 0.01 ft (or 1 mm) accuracy.

What is the Zenith angle (Z)?

Z denotes the Zenith angle in distance measurements.

What is slope distance?

The direct distance measured along the slope between two points.

What is a Total Station used for?

An instrument that measures distances and angles, and can be used for vertical distances.

What is Stadia in distance measuring?

A distance measuring technique used in surveying.

What is the purpose of using an odometer and wheel at accident scenes?

To measure distances at the scene for investigations and documentation.