Weberian Ethnicity 40

1 Weber

multiple factors in inequality

• status and power are in the hands of the majority ethnic group making it hard for EM groups to compete equally for jobs, housing etc

• EM who do manual jobs are technically part of the WC but ar slickly to face prejudice and discrimination form the white WC because they suffer form status inequality as well as class inequality

• MC Asians doing professional jobs experience status inequality in forms of prejudice attitudes help by members of both white middle and working class

DU Rex and tomlinson

• em experiente class and status inequality that leads to poverty which is made more severe by racism

• a black underclass will emerge who feels marginalised, frustrated, alienated

• these erupt as inner city riots as they are being harassed bu police and socially excluded

1 Weber CA

rex and Tomlinson have been criticised by the NR

• NR blame the individuals for their weaker position in the labour market

• murray points out its due to weak parenting in EM households as 50% of Britons black minority live in single parent families

• their weaker positions and weak parenting lead to a culture of dependancy and poverty

• nr reject web theory that soc is to blame for giving insufficient status and power to EM

• it is the culture of EM that is to blame

2 Barron and norris

Dual labour market theory

• primary sector: secure, well paid jobs, long term promotion, white male dominated

• secondary sector, low paid, unskilled insecure jobs

• black people more likely to be found in secondary sector, less likely to gain promotion, status, because employers subscribe to racist belief about the unsuitability of black people and even practice racial discrimination against them when they’re applying for jobs or denying them responsibility/ promotion

• the legal and political framework (power/party) supporting black people is minimum: trade unions are generally white dominated and have been accused of being less interested in protecting black workers rights

DU: Joseph rowntree foundation JRF

• pakistani/ bangledeshi backgrounds more likely to be self employed

• JRF suggests this is as a result of the racial discrimination in the recruitment system

• being self employed is not a disadvantage but they don’t cover the costs of sick/ holiday pay and as a result have a lower wage than other groups

• these characteristics resemble the secondary sector

2 barron and norris CA

Davidson - concrete ceiling

• fail to recognise the situation that EM women are in as its worse than of EM men as they’re not only concentrated in the secondary labour sector but they also deal with the concrete ceiling

• embedded discrimination that stops em women from being promoted

• white women have the op to break through the glass ceiling but the concrete ceiling is impenetrable

3 Parkin

usurpation and exclusion strategies, social closure

• social closure= EM. blocked form certain areas of life like getting a job/promotion. these social closure Strats are used to create and maintain privileges for certain groups

• EXCLUSION STRATEGY = used by anxious social groups to protect their privileges from new recruits so groups may insist on certain critera for ppl to join and gain their priv

  • EG immigration controls which prevent certain groups entering Britain and taking advantages of opportunities here

• USURPATION STRATEGY = is used by less fortunate people to try and grab some of the privileges of others

  • EG illegal immigrants finding ways into countries

• Race relations and the racial discrimination act are usurpation Strats which protect EM rights

• DU guardian poll 2018 found 60% of EM respondents felt they had been overlooked for promotion

• 35% white felt that which demonstrates how EM are victims to exclusion strategies

3 Parkin CA Weberian

Marx

• parkin fails to explain which groups end up with the power to exclude others

• and which ppl start with little pwoer/ status

• lack structural analysis

Castle and kossack

Cox

• highlight how capitalism is creating and maintaining these inequalities

4 Hutton

Divided society 40/30/30

• disadvantaged: bottom 30% unemployed, part time work, casual/insecure, insecure semi-employment

• marginalised: 30% forms of employment, structural insecure, part time contracts, easily terminated if demands for service reduce

• privileged: secure, protected by trad unions, secure pay, teachers, DRS, lecturers have more guaranteed security than other 30%s

• em less likely to be protected by trade unions as they’re predominantly white/ dominated by white middle class

DU - Sewell report

• unemployment rates were significantly higher for blacks pakistani and bang back grounds hence the under representation in EM in top jobs

4 Hutton CA

Youn func - meritocracy

• bottom 30% down work hard enough to eject themselves out of the disadvantaged group

COX marx

• rcism and capitalism make it harder for people to get into the 40%

Davidson

• intersectionality of women as women would be predominately in the disadvantaged 30%, and face the concrete ceiling which is impenetrable