Environment of Pakistan - Unit 1 - Northern and northern-western mountains

Northern mountains

Six major topographical area’s of Pakistan

• Northern/North-western Mountains

• Western mountains

• Balochistan Plateau

• Potwar Plateau/salt Range

• Indus Plain

• Desert Areas

What are the three mountain ranges found from north, north-east and north west

• Karakoram

• Himalaya

• Hindu Kush

What are the parts of the Himalaya’s

• Siwaliks (Outermost)

• Lesser/Outer

• Central

Karakoram meaning

‘Black gravel’

What is the Karakoram and where does it extend and end in pak

• It is a mass of rock and ice

• Extends for over 400 km to the Hunza and Shyok river

• Western end lies in pak

What are the features of Karakoram

• Runs east-west

• Rugged landscape

• Sharp peaks

Average height of Karakom

6000 - 7000m

What is the K-2 and where is it located

• The second highest peak in the world.

• Located on Karakoram range

Two passes found in Karakoram range

• Khunjerab

• Karakoram

Famous area’s located in Karakoram range

• Hunza Valley

• Baltistan Valley

• Gilgit

• Skardu

What is the second highest peak in pak and where is it

• Nanga Parbat

• Found in Great/central Himalaya

What are the parts of the lesser Himalaya

Abbottabad and Mansehra districts, along with the Murree and Galiat

Range of Lower/sub Himalaya

600 - 1200 m

Where is the lower/sub Himalaya located in the Himalaya’s

Southern

What is the Lower/Sub Himalaya also known as

Siwaliks

where is Lower/Sub Himalaya located in

Rawalpindi - Islamabad area

Where is the Hindu Kush located in pak

• North-West

• West of karakoram

What borders do Hindu Kush lie on

Where China and Afghanistan meet on pakistan’s north and west borders

The ______ and ______ rivers are around/boundary Karakoram and Hindu Kush

The Hunza and Gilgit rivers are around/boundary Karakoram and Hindu Kush

What river is located in the south of Hindu Kush

River Ghizer

What plateau does the Hindu Kush merge into in

The north of Hindu Kush merges into the Pamir Plateau

Highest mountain of Hindu Kush

Tirich Mir (7690m)

What does the Broghil pass of Hindu Kush connect

pak and Wakhan (Afghanistan territory)

What does the Shandur pass of Hindu Kush connect

Gilgit and Chitral

What does the Lowari pass of Hindu Kush connect

Chitral and Swat + Peshwar

What ranges are found in Hindu Kush

• Swat

• Dir

• Kohistan

Drainage rivers (Indus basin) of Hindu Kush

• kabul

• Indus

• Swat

• Panjkora

Glaciers of Hindu Kush

• Tirich Mir

• Sakiz Jarib

What factors limit human activity in the northern mountains

• Rugged land

• Cold winter

• Snowfall

• Narrow mountain passes making it difficult to:

• - Large scale crop produce

• - Develop infrastructure

• - Set up major factory

What are two problems with the northern mountains

• Shortage of safe drinking water

• Frozen water during winter

Importance of the northern mountains

• Melted snow drains water into Indus

• Protection against cold wind

• Historical passes that connect Pakistan to China and Afghanistan

• Border and trade

• Minerals

• Tourism

What are human activities done in the mountains

• Tourism

• Farming

• Livestock

• Trade