module 1 and 2 geology

What is the order of certainty for these scientific concepts?  from least to most certain

hypothesis, theory, law

Earth's lithosphere includes which of the following

upper mantel and crust

Since temperatures in Earth increase with depth, why is the inner core solid?

The pressures in the core are immense and keep it in a solid state despite the temperature.

The ________ is the most widely accepted view of the origin of our solar system. This describes the beginning of the solar system as a large cloud of space gas and dust that slowly condensed and contracted, forming the current solar system.

The Nebular Theory

Which of the following describe sedimentary rocks?

 

formed by lithification of pre-existing sediments

The layers of Earth's geosphere are defined based on which TWO sets of characteristics?

physical properties and chemical compostion

The Earth's magnetic field is generated where?

the earth’s core

Which of the following is the THINNEST layer of the Earth?

oceanic crust

The temperature of the Earth ________ with depth.

increases

What statement(s) best describe(s) a scientific theory? 

 

Theories consist of interlocking hypotheses and are seldom show to be false.  Plate Tectonics is an example.

A very old, stable region of the continent composed of igneous and metamorphic rock is called a continental craton / shield . The edge of the continent that is submerged below sea level is called the continental shelf .

craton/ shield and shelf

Which is the largest layer of the Earth (by volume)?

mantle

Where in the ocean does oceanic lithosphere sink into the mantle?

 

at ocean trenches

______ is a feature of a divergent plate boundary. 

an ocean ridge

Which of the following materials is the least dense?

 

old continental lithosphere of the craton

Why can’t scientists retrieve information about the Atlantic Ocean basin that is older than roughly 200 million years?

 

There was no Atlantic Ocean 200 million years ago.

The former, late Paleozoic (~250 million years) age supercontinent is known as:

Pangaea

In which of the following plate boundaries would you expect to find volcanism.

oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary, oceanic-continental convergent boundary, mid-ocean ridge/spreading center, and continental rift

oceanic-oceanic convergence produces

a volcanic island arc

oceanic-continental convergence produces

a continental volcanic arc

The North American plate includes both continental and oceanic crust.

true

How can hot spots leave evidence of plate motion?

 

Tracks of volcanic islands are created as plates move over mantle plumes