Lifespan Considerations in Pharmacology

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the pharmacokinetic changes across the lifespan, focusing on the unique needs of pediatric and older adult patients, as well as considerations for drug therapy during pregnancy and lactation.

What influences the effects of drugs and drug responses in patients?

The patient's age significantly influences the effects and responses to drugs.

What is polypharmacy?

The concurrent use of many different drugs to treat a patient with multiple health problems.

What is the physiological basis for drug-related concerns during pregnancy?

Drug transfer to the fetus occurs mainly through diffusion across the placenta, particularly during the first trimester.

What are the two main concerns regarding drug absorption in pediatric patients?

Increased total body water and decreased protein binding affect drug absorption and distribution.

How is the glomerular filtration rate impacted in older adults?

The glomerular filtration rate decreases due to aging, affecting drug excretion.

What is the significance of dosage calculations for pediatric patients?

Dosages are calculated based on milligrams per kilogram of body weight due to immature organ function.

Explain the concept of pharmacodynamics in young patients.

Drug actions are altered in young patients due to the maturity of various organs, affecting drug toxicity and effectiveness.

What changes occur in organ function with advancing age in older adults?

There is a general decline in organ function, particularly in liver, kidneys, and cardiovascular systems.

What is the FDA's classification system for drugs during pregnancy?

Drugs are classified into categories A to X based on their risk to the fetus.

Why is it important to be cautious with drug administration in the elderly?

Older adults have a higher risk for adverse drug reactions due to age-related changes in pharmacokinetics.

What role does maternal kidney and liver function play during pregnancy?

Changes in maternal kidney and liver function can affect drug metabolism and fetal exposure.

What are some examples of problematic medications in older adults?

Opioids, NSAIDs, and certain antidepressants can cause significant adverse effects in older adults.

How can adherence to medication be impacted in older adult patients?

Nonadherence occurs due to comprehension issues, costs, and polypharmacy complications.

What physiologic change affects drug metabolism in older adults?

Reduced hepatic blood flow and enzyme production decrease drug metabolism.

What should be considered while calculating pediatric dosages?

Child's weight and the organ maturity must be factored in when determining drug dosages.