4.6 Fundamentals of Computer Systems

Interpreter

A program for translating a high level language by reading each statement in the source code and immediately performing this action

Operating system role

To manage the hardware resources in order to provide for an orderly and controlled allocation of the processors, memories and I/O devices among the various programs competing for them and manage the storage of data. It hides the complexities of the hardware from the user.

Stand-alone computer

A computer not networked, requiring its own printer and other peripherals plus its own installation of application software.

System software

A program that manages the operation of a computer.

Virtual machine

The apparent machine that the operating system presents to the user, achieved by hiding the complexities of the hardware behind layers of operating system software.

Operating System

An operating system is a program or suite of programs that controls the entire operation of the computer

Applications Packages

A program or set of instructions designed to make use of the the computer for a specific purpose. Allows the user to carry out tasks. It makes the computer do something that is useful for the user

Off the Shelf Software

Software available for immediate use

Custom Written Software

Software specifically written to solve a particular problem

Common Applications Packages

Stock Control, Order Processing ,Payroll ,Process Control, Point of Sale System , Marketing ,Computer Aided Design ,Computer Aided Manufacture

Generic Applications Software

Software that has a relatively large number of different uses. Tailored to the user's specific need rather than the task. Word Processor, Spreadsheet ,Desktop Publishing Presentation software ,Drawing packages

Applications Software

Program or programs that do a task that would have to be carried out even if there was no computer

Applications Package

An applications program and its associated documentation

Operating Systems (OS)

Provides a platform on which applications can run, Control the hardware and manages hardware resources, Provides an interface between user and computer , Provides utility applications ,Provides security for the data on the machine

Utility Programs

Short programs that carry out tasks within the computer that are necessary for the smooth running of the computer. Data transfer programs ,Automatic backup utility ,Anti-virus software ,Compression software

Compiler

A program that translates a high level language into machine code by translating all of the code at one time

Assembler

A program that translates a program written in assembly language into machine code