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When was Elizabeth’s reign?
17th November 1558- 24th March 1603
How old was Elizabeth when she became queen?
25
When was Elizabeths coronation?
15th January 1559- within 2 months
How many councilors rode to Hatfield to show their loyalty?
9
What did Elizabeth halve her privy council to?
20
When was the succession crisis?
1562
After the succession crisis, when did Parliament assemble and refuse to commit herself to marrying or naming an heir?
January 1563
When was William Cecil/ Burghley born?
1520
When did William Cecil/ Burghley die?
1598
When was Hatton born?
1540
When did Hatton die?
1591
When did Leicester/ Dudley die?
1588
When was Walsingham born?
1532
When did Walsingham die?
1590
When did Dudley come out on top when the Queen rejected the marriage to Archduke Charles of Austria, as he sought to happen?
1567
When did Cecil come out on top when he caused Elizabeth to postpone the decision of sending troops to support in the Netherlands for 7 years?
1578
When was Essex born?
1567
When was Essex executed?
February 1501
When was Robert Cecil born?
1563
When did Robert Cecil die?
1612
When was Raleigh born?
1552
When was the council was dominated by Protestants until?
the 1570s
When did William Cecil hold secretary of state until?
1572
How many laws did Parliment pass?
438
In except how many session did Elizabeth ask for the collection of tax in?
2
In what Parliament was their dispute over monopolies and poor law that led to Elizabeths Golden Speech?
1601
In what parliament does Elizabeth seek on whether to execute Mary Queen of Scots or not?
October 1586- March 1587
When did Elizabeth spend large sums on the navy after?
after 1973
How much did Winchester and Leicester owe the crown?
£70000
When was Mary of Guise was regent for Scotland (for Mary Queen of Scots) & was ruling alongside her French brother, Francis, Duke of Guise?
1559
When did a Protestant rebellion started in Scotland and depose Mary of Guise?
late 1559
When was the Treaty of Berwick?
1560
In the Treaty of Berwick, how many troops were sent?
8000
When was the Treaty of Edinburgh?
1560
When did Mary, Q of S's husband King Francis II of France die & Mary get sent back to Scotland by the new regent, Catherine de Medici who was anti-Guise?
1560
When was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?
1559
How long were the Habsburg-Valois wars?
65 years
When did a religious civil war break out between the Huguenots (French protestants) & Catholics?
1652
How many crowns did Elizabeth give in the Treaty of Richmond?
140,000
When was the Treaty of Richmond?
1562
When did the French Catholics & Huguenots united against Elizabeth to drive English troops out of France?
1563
When was the Treaty of Toyes?
1564
How much did Elizabeth gave up all rights to Calais in return for?
120000
What % of England's outports was cloth based on?
over 75%
How long did trading between England and the Netherlands stop for?
12 months
When was the trade embargo in the Netherlands?
1563
How many men does John Hawkins return with on his voyage?
15
When was John Hawkins repeat voyage attacked by Spain at Juan de Ulva at the Gulf of Mexico?
1564
When does Elizabeth claim the Spanish fleet forces in English ports and take all the gold?
1568
When was the trade embargo with Spain until?
1573
When was the religious settlement?
1559
How many bishops were arrested for disobedience?
2
When was the act of supremacy?
1559
when was the act of uniformity?
1559
What were Elizabeth's short term aims when she came to power?
consolidate her position
settle religious issues
end war with France
How old was Elizabeth when she became queen?
25
What was Elizabeth's character?
Well educated, shrewd, good judge of character
Why was Elizabeth cautious and indecisive as Queen?
Her difficult existence as a Protestant in Mary's reign
Eg. Imprisonment in Wyatt's rebellion
What was Elizabeth's belief system?
Protestant with a firm belief in royal supremacy, but had conservative views on church ceremonies
Who was Elizabeth's Principal Secretary?
William Cecil
How did Elizabeth swiftly consolidate her power?
Mary's councillors accepted the succession, Elizabeth presented herself to the people from the Tower of London
When were the Act of Settlement, Uniformity, Supremacy + Royal injunctions passed?
1559
When were the 39 Articles + New Book of Common Prayer?
1563
What did the 1559 act of supremacy repeal?
Papal supremacy + heresy laws
What did the 1559 act of supremacy reinstate?
Religious legislation of Henry VIII's reign + revived powers of royal visitations of the church
What was demanded of clergy after Elizabeth was made 'supreme governor' of the CofE?
Oath of supremacy from all clergymen + church officials
What did the Elizabethan Religious Settlement of 1559 create?
'Via media' (middle way) between Catholicism and Protestantism, and was enacted in Jan-April 1559 (Elizabeth's first Parl). It established the royal supremacy, but also set out way Church was to be organised and the conduct of services.
What did the Act of Uniformity establish?
Use of the New Book of Common Prayer + charged a fine to those who didn't attend church once a week
How was the New Book of Common Prayer worded carefully?
It allowed variations of Eucharistic belief
Who did the royal injunctions nominate?
'Visitors' to inspect the Church, given special instructions
What were some of the special instructions for 'visitors' in the royal injunctions?
Removal of 'things superstitious' from a church, suppression of Catholic practices, purchase of an English bible
What was the purpose of the 39 articles?
Define the doctrine of the Church of England
How did the 39 articles support reformed doctrine?
Denied transsubstantiation + affirmed scripture was the final authority in salvation
Why was Elizabeth's religious settlement significant?
It was a compromise
Why was Elizabeth under pressure from the 'Puritan choir' (radical clergy)?
May have forced her to accept a more Protestant prayer book
Who was the Puritan choir?
Radical clergymen + MPs
Who strongly opposed the uniformity bill, thinking it was too Protestant?
Catholic bishops + conservative peers in the House of Lords
When was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?
1559
What treaty ended the French war?
Cateau-Cambresis, France would retain France for 8 years then buy or return it to England
Who was the wife of Henry II of France?
Mary, Queen of Scots
Why did Scottish Protestants request assistance from England/ Elizabeth?
Henry II sent French troops to garrison Scottish fortresses
Why did Cecil support intervention in Scotland?
Wanted to secure England's borders + weaken the influence of Mary QofS
What did England send to Scotland before becoming directly involved?
Money + armaments
What did the Treaty of Edinburgh do?
remove french troops from Scotland + created a Protestant Scottish government
Who were the political + religious leaders of Scotland?
John Knox + Lords of the Congregation
Why did England intervene in France?
To put military pressure on the French Crown to ensure the return of Calais
Who did Elizabeth support in France?
Huguenot (Protestant) leader with money + men,
Army was defeated + leader captured
What treaty confirmed the loss of Calais?
Treaty of Troyes
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