AP Biology Review Flashcards

Flashcards for vocabulary review.

Chemistry of Life

The chemical foundations that are essential for all life forms.

Monomers

Building blocks of biological molecules that link to form larger molecules called polymers.

Polymers

Larger molecules made of linked monomers.

Biological description

The ability to describe biological processes, principles, and concepts.

Argumentation in Biology

Using a claim, supporting it with evidence, and providing reasoning to support the claim.

Cell

The basic unit of life that contributes to the organization of life.

Cell Membranes

Enable cells to establish and maintain internal and external environments and control the exchange of materials.

Cellular-level Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal and external conditions of a cell.

Cellular Energetics

Living systems' complex organization and the requirement of constant energy input.

Enzymes

Enzyme structure and function, and how the environment influences enzyme performance.

Cell Communication

Cells generate and receive signals, coordinate mechanisms for growth, and respond to environmental cues to maintain homeostasis.

Cell Cycle

Cell replication and the regulation of replication as part of the cell cycle, ensure the continuity of life.

lac operon

In E. coli, used to help understand the significance of positive gene regulation.

Heredity

The storage and transmission of genetic information via chromosomes from one generation to the next.

Meiosis

The storage and transmission of genetic information via chromosomes from one generation to the next occurs through this process.

Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics

Describes various inheritance patterns.

Gene Expression

Progresses from the continuity of life to this, providing in-depth knowledge about nucleic acids and their role in gene expression.

Cell Specialization

The regulation of gene expression and cell specialization are instrumental in ensuring survival both within an individual and across populations.

Natural Selection

Populations better adapted to their environments are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to changes in the genetic makeup of a species over time.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Used for describing and predicting allele frequencies in non-evolving populations.

Ecology

Ties together all previous units to understand how a system's interactions relate directly to its available energy and its ability to evolve and respond to environmental changes.