Comprehensive Human and Animal Physiology: Digestive, Circulatory, Nervous, and Muscular Systems

What is the main function of the digestive system?

Break down food and absorb nutrients

Horses, rabbits, and guinea pigs are...

Hindgut fermenters

Which chamber of the ruminant stomach is the 'true stomach'?

Abomasum

What is the main function of the rumen?

Ferment plant material

What is the main job of the large intestine?

Absorb water

Which organ stores and concentrates bile?

Gallbladder

What structure connects the mouth to the stomach?

Esophagus

The epiglottis prevents food from entering the...

Trachea

Mouth and esophagus epithelium is mostly:

Stratified

What are the four basic tissues?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Which tissue type makes up skin and gut lining?

Epithelial

Connective tissue mainly functions to:

Support and protect

Male reproductive cell is called:

Sperm

Female reproductive cell is called:

Ovum

Fertilization normally occurs in the...

Oviduct (fallopian tube)

Which muscle raises and lowers the testes?

Cremaster

Main function of the kidneys:

Filter blood and make urine

The tube that carries urine from kidneys to bladder:

Ureter

The filtering unit inside the kidney is the:

Nephron

Which chamber pumps blood to the lungs?

Right ventricle

The large artery leaving the heart to the body is the:

Aorta

What carries blood AWAY from the heart?

Arteries

Main job of red blood cells:

Carry oxygen

What part of the neuron carries impulses AWAY from the cell body?

Axon

What does the cerebrum control?

Thinking and voluntary movement

What part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

Cerebellum

The autonomic nervous system controls:

Heart rate and digestion

The main function of the respiratory system:

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

The diaphragm helps with:

Breathing

The alveoli are the place where:

Gas exchange happens

Which gland controls metabolism?

Thyroid

Insulin is made by the:

Pancreas

The spleen mainly:

Filters blood

White blood cells function to:

Fight infection

The lymph nodes help:

Filter lymph

Which type of muscle is voluntary?

Skeletal

Where is smooth muscle found?

Stomach and intestines

Tendons connect:

Muscle to bone

Ligaments connect:

Bone to bone

The main function of bone marrow is to:

Make blood cells