ENDOCRINE

All of the following are true about short term excersiee except

The body becomes more dependent on fats and proteins as energy sources

The exhaustion stage of the general adaption syndrome (stress response) sets in only if protein reserves = false or true

False

Growth hormone does all of the following except

Increases protein breakdown

as an example of hormonal, communication, when Osmo receptors of the _____, detect, dehydration, a signal to the posterior pituitary gland, causes the release of _____

Hypothalamus, antidiuretic hormone

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor

Activation of mRNA synthesis

When a few intercellular mediator, molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated what effect

A cascade effect

Steroid hormones do what?

Bind to the receptors in the nucleus of their target cells

Why is it that steroid hormones use receptors inside of target cells were protein peptide and amino acid hormones do not

Lipids can cross the cell membrane because they are lipids and the membrane is lipid.

Which pattern of hormone secretion exemplified by thyroid hormones remains relatively constant over long periods of time

Chronic hormone secretion

Negative feedback inhibition occurs when _____

Thyroid hormone targets the anterior pituitary

John Smith works outdoors in the winter at a ski resort. His thyroid hormone levels are.

Higher in the winter to increase body temperature

The beta cells of pancreatic islets produce

Insulin

The ____ secretes ____ which promotes N.A.+ and water retention

Adrenal cortex, aldosterone

During exercise, the energy necessary to sustain skeletal muscle cell contraction comes from

Increase epinephrine and glucagon

Which hormone stimulates glucocorticoid secretion

ACTH

GROWTH HORMONE

Increases amino acid uptake in cells

Removal of the anterior pituitary would affect the functioning of the

Thyroid gland

Target organs most often regulate the pituitary gland via

Negative feedback inhibition

Which of the following statements regarding hormone transport and distribution is false?

Water soluble hormones are more likely to require a binding protein

One hormone is needed for a second hormone to produce an effect

Permissive

The effects of glucagon and insulin on blood glucose

Antagonistic

Thyroid hormone up regulates, the number of epinephrine receptors on its target cell

Permissive

The actions of cortisol and glucagon on glucose metabolism

Synergistic

Two hormones that have additive effects on a cell or tissue

synergistic

Two hormones produced different but complementary results on a cell or tissue

Integrative

The actions of Calcitrol and parathyroid hormone on calcium metabolism

Integrative

Two hormones that have opposing effects on a cell or tissue

Antagonistic

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid such as prednisone to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might have on blood chemistry

Increase of blood glucose

A chemical signal is released into the bloodstream and binds to receptor on distant cells

Endocrine

A chemical signals released from cell and binds to receptor on neighbor cell

Paracrine

A chemical signal inside one cell diffusers through special pores into the neighboring cell

Direct

A chemical signal is released from a cell and bines to receptor on itself

Autocrine

Prostaglandin is released from endothelial cells into interstitial fluid to prevent clot formation on undamaged cells

Paracrine

NA plus NK plus ions, diffuse through gap junctions and cardio myocytes to transmit action potential

Direct

A chemical signals released into synapse to buy and receptors on postsynaptic cell

Synaptic

Serotonin is released into the bloodstream and binds to 5-HT receptors on smooth muscle

Endocrine

Acetylcholine is released into synapse and binds Ligon gated N.A+ channel on postsynaptic cells

Synaptic