GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCE
The rugged nature of the Greek Peninsula & its widespread islands, made
communication difficult. It was bounded on two sides by "Black Sea and
the Mediterranean Sea"
Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
The rugged nature of the Greek Peninsula & its widespread islands, made
communication difficult. It was bounded on two sides by "____________"
Citadels
GEOGRAPHICAL INFLUENCE: "Athens as its center kingdom contains the upper city known as "________"
Marble
GEOLOGICAL INFLUENCE:
the chief building material
Stone
GEOLOGICAL INFLUENCE:
had an ample supplies of this material.
AEGANS
RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE
worships "nature" and priestesses rather than priest conducted
GREEKS
RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE
Represents their deities by large statues. Worships "natural
phenomena
APHRODITE
goddess of commerce, love and beauty
APOLLO
god of law and reason, art and music and poetry
ARES
god of war
ARTEMIS
goddess of chastity
DEMETER
goddess of earth and agriculture
HERA
wife of Zeus, goddess of marriage
ATHENA
goddess of learning and wisdom
ZEUS
supreme god, ruler of the sky, chief god.
HERMES
messenger of the gods
POSEIDON
god of the sea
EARLY PERIOD
3000BC -700 BC
People on in Greece were Aegans, Minoans, & Myceneans
HELLENIC PERIOD
Essentially columnar & trabeated in Acropolis which was Crowned by
a. Simplicity and Harmony
b. Purity of Lines
c. Perfections of Proportions
d. Refinement of Details
CHARACTERISTIC OF GREEK ARCH
Cyclopean, Polygonal, Rectangular, Inclined Blocks
FOUR METHODS OF WALLING SURFACE FINISHES
CYCLOPEAN
a masonry made up of huge stone blocks laid mortar
POLYGONAL
a masonry which is constructed with stones having polygonal faces.
RECTANGULAR
block of stone cut into rectangular shapes
INCLINED BLOCKS
stones with inclined blocks.
TWO WAYS OF DESCRIBING TEMPLES
(a) According to the number of columns on the entrance front
(b) by the arrangement of the exterior columns of the temple in relation to naos
HENOSTYLE
one column
DISTYLE
two columns
TRISTYLE
three columns
TETRASTYLE
four columns
PENTASTYLE
five columns
HEXASTYLE
six columns
HEPTASYLE
seven columns
OCTASTYLE
eight columns
ENNEASTYLE
nine columns
DECASTYLE
ten columns
DODECASTYLE
twelve columns
Naos, Pranaos, Epinaos
PARTS OF A GREEK TEMPLE
NAOS
principal chamber containing the statue of the god or goddess with porticoes
PRONAOS
the inner portico in front of naos or cella of the naos.
EPINAOS
posticum which serves as the treasury chambers
INTERCOLUMNIATION
the space between two adjacent columns, usually the clear space between the lower parts of the shafts, measured in diameters. Also, a system for spacing columns in a colonnade based on the measurement
ACCOUPLEMENT
The placement of two columns or pilasters very close to each other is called "___________"
PYCNOSTYLE
Having an intercolumniation of 1 ½ diameters.
SYSTYLE
Having an intercolumniation of 2 diameters
EUSTYLE
Having an intercolumniation of 2 ¼ diameters.
DIASTYLE
Having an intercolumniation of 3 diameters.
ARAEOSTYLE
Having an intercolumniation of 4 diameters.
LAYOUT OF GREEK TEMPLES
anta, double anta, amphiprostyle, prostyle, dipteral, pseudodipteral, peripteral, pseudoperipteral
ANTA
temples have one to four columns between antae at the front. Two is the usual number.
DOUBLE ANTA
temples have one to four columns between antae at the front and the rear. Two is the usual number
AMPHIPROSTYLE
temples that have portico of columns at front and rear.
PROSTYLE
temples that have portico of columns at front only.
DIPTERAL
temples that have a double line of columns surrounding on all sides.
PSEUDODIPTERAL
temples that having a double line of columns but the inner range of columns is attached to the naos.
PERIPTERAL
temples that have a single line of columns surrounding on all sides
PSEUDOPERIPTERAL
temples that have flanked of columns attached to the naos.
GREEK ORDERS
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian
DORIC ORDER
The simplest and the earliest among the five orders.
PEDIMENT PARTS
Antefixae, Tympanum, Acroterion
ANTEFIXAE
an upright ornament at the eaves of a roof concealing the foot of a row of convex tiles that cover the joints of the flat tiles.
TYMPANUM
the triangular space enclosed by the horizontal and raking cornices of a pediment, often
recessed and decorated with sculpture.
ACROTERION
a pedestal for a sculpture ornament at the apex or at each of the lower corners of a pediment.
ENTABLATURE PARTS
Cornice, Frieze, Architrave
CORNICE
the uppermost member of an entablature, consisting typically of a cymatium, corona, and bed molding.
FRIEZE
the horizontal part of an entablature between the cornice and architrave, often decorated with sculpture inflow relief.
ARCHITRAVE
the lowermost division of an entablature, resting directly on the column capitals and supporting the frieze.
COLUMN PARTS
Captial, Shaft, Stylobate, Stereobate
CAPITAL
the distinctively treated upper end of a column, pillar, or pier, crowning the shaft and taking the weight of the entablature or architrave.
SHAFT
the central part of a column or pier between the capital and the base.
STYLOBATE
a course of masonry forming the foundation for a row of columns especially the outermost colonnade of a classical temple.
STEREOBATE
a solid mass of masonry visible above ground level and serving as the foundation of a building especially the platform forming the floor and substructure of a classical temple also called as crepidoma.
IONIC ORDER
More sophisticated order. Less heavy than the Doric, less elaborated than the Corinthian order.
EGG AND DART
an ornamental motif for enriching an ovolo or echinus, consisting of a closely set, alternating series of oval and pointed forms. Also called "egg and tongue"
DENTIL
any of a series of closely spaced, small rectangular blocks forming a molding or projecting beneath the coronas of Ionic cornices.
FASCIA
one of the three horizontal banda making up the architrave in the Ionic order.
VOLUTE
a spiral, scroll like ornament, as on the capitals of the Ionic order.
CATHETUS
the vertical guideline through the eye of a volute in an Ionic capital, from which the spiral forms is determined.
FLEURON, BALTEUS
In Ionic Capital, if there is a central flower, it is called "_" and "" if none.
CORINTHIAN ORDER
Most elaborated & most elegant of all the orders. Looks like an "Inverted Bell."
MODILLION
an ornament bracket, usually in the form of a scroll with acanthus, used in series beneath the corona of a Corinthian.
HELIX
a spiral ornament, as any of the volutes issuing from a cauliculus in a Corinthian capital
CAULICULUS
any of the ornamental stalks rising between the acanthus leaves of a Corinthian capital, from which volutes spring.
BELL
the underlying part of a foliated capital, between the abacus and neck molding
ACANTHUS
an ornament, patterened after the large toothed leaves of a Mediterranean plant of the same name.
CARYATIDS
a sculptured female figure used as a column.
CANEPHORAE
a sculptured female supporting baskets on their heads.
ATLAS
a sculptured male kneeling or crouching figure used as a column.
TELAMONES
a sculptured male column in a standing position.
GREEK BASIC BUILDINGS
Propylaea, theater, Public Buildings
PROPYLAEA
entrance gateways which marked the approach to the sacred enclosure in many cities in Greeks.
THEATER
an open air structure, which consisted of orchestra, auditorium or cavea out of the slope of hillside, in or near city.
Entasis
In Architecture, ________is the application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic and technical purposes. Their diameter is decreased from the bottom upwards and one-third from the bottom is the thickest point.
AGORA OR TOWN SQUARE
an open air, meeting place for the transaction of business & also market place.
STOA
long colonnaded building which serves to connect public monuments & for shelter.
PRYTANEION
a senate house to the chief dignitaries of the city.
BOULEUTERION
also called council house, covered meeting place of the democratically elected councils.
ASSEMBLY HALLS
used by citizens in general assembly.
ODEION
a theater building used mainly by musicians in the presentation of their works for competition & for public approval.
STADIUM / STADION
foot race course & also used for other athletic performance.