Ions, Ionic Bonding, and Electrolytes

Practice flashcards covering definitions of ions, polyatomic ion formulas, precipitation reactions, and the role of electrolytes in the human body.

Ion

Atoms that have either lost or gained electrons to become more stable.

Cation

Formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, giving it a positive charge.

Anion

Formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, giving it a negative charge.

Ionic bonding

The transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal, creating positive and negative ions that are held together by electrostatic attraction.

Nitrate

$$NO_3^-$$

Sulfate

$$SO_4^{2-}$$

Carbonate

$$CO_3^{2-}$$

Ammonium

$$NH_4^+$$

Hydroxide

$$OH^-$$

Precipitation reaction

A chemical reaction when two aqueous ionic compounds are mixed together, and at least one of the products is insoluble.

Precipitate

The insoluble product formed during a precipitation reaction.

Electrolyte

Ionic compounds that conduct electricity when dissolved in water because their ions are free to move and carry electrical charge.

Sodium ($Na^+$)

An electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and nerve signals in the human body.

Potassium ($K^+$)

An electrolyte important for muscle contraction and heart function.

Calcium ($Ca^{2+}$)

An electrolyte needed for muscle contraction, nerve signalling, and bone health.

Magnesium ($Mg^{2+}$)

An electrolyte that helps enzymes function and supports muscle and nerve activity.

Chloride ($Cl^-$)

An electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance and stomach acid production.

Dehydration

The loss of water and electrolytes from the body, disrupting balance and affecting muscle and nerve function.

Sports drinks

Beverages that replace water, electrolytes, and carbohydrates lost through sweat after long or intense exercise.