Final Exam Review

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology from the lecture notes provided for final exam review.

Inter-rater reliability

The level of agreement among multiple raters or judges.

Content validity

The extent to which a test measures the intended content.

Face validity

The degree to which a measure appears effective in terms of its stated aims.

Criterion validity

The degree to which a measure correlates with an outcome.

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)

A survey that measures levels of depression.

Deep breathing exercises

Techniques used to minimize anxiety.

Open-ended question

A question that allows for a freeform answer.

Forced-choice question

A question that requires a selection between predefined answers.

Statistical significance

A measure of whether the results of research are likely due to chance.

Internal validity

The degree to which a study accurately reflects the causal relationship it's trying to measure.

External validity

The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to the larger population.

Descriptive statistics

Statistics that summarize data from a sample without making inferences.

Correlational coefficients

Values that indicate the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.

Population sample

A subset of a population used in research to represent the whole.

Anxiety

A psychological state characterized by feelings of tension and worry.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps individuals understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors.

Random assignment

The process of randomly assigning participants to different groups in an experiment to ensure that each group is comparable.

Pilot testing

An initial small-scale study conducted to test the feasibility, time, cost, and adverse events involved in a research project.

Independent variable

The variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment.

Dependent variable

The variable that is measured and affected in an experiment.

Quasi-experimental design

A type of research design that lacks random assignment.

Survey research

A quantitative method for collecting information that involves asking participants questions.

Cross-sectional study

A type of observational study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time.