AP US History Chapter 15 Henretta 8th Edition

Ten Percent Plan

Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its own government afetr ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States

Wade-Davis Bill

an 1864 plan for Reconstruction that denied the right to vote or hold office for anyone who had fought for the Confederacy...Lincoln refused to sign this bill thinking it was too harsh.

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War

Freedmen's Bureau

created by Congress to provide clothing, shelter, education, food, and medicine to former slaves (vetoed by Johnson and overrode by Congress)

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment. (vetoed by Johnson and overrode by Congress)

Fourteenth Amendment

guarantees equal protection of the law and rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the USA, including former slaves.

Reconstruction Act of 1867

Act passed by Congress that abolished previous state governments and set up 5 temporary military districts run by Union generals.

Fifteenth Amendment

guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude

American Woman Suffrage Association

organization led by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and others who remained loyal to the Republican party, despite its failure to include women's voting rights in the 15th Amendment

National Woman Suffrage Association

led by Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in response to the split within the American Equal Right Association over support of the 15th amendment. Anthony and Stanton thought that they shouldn't support the 15th amendment unless it included the vote for women.

Minor v. Happersett

the court acknowledged that women were citizens but found that the constitution did not guarantee women citizens the right to vote

sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

Union League

the black political organization that promoted self-help and defense of political rights

scalawags

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners

carpetbaggers

A derogatory term applied to Northerners who migrated south during the Reconstruction to take advantage of opportunities to advance their own fortunes

convict leasing

Notorious system, begun during reconstruction, whereby southern state officials allowed private companies to hire out prisoners to labor under brutal conditions in mines and other industries

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment.

Freedman's Savings and Trust Company

a private bank founded in 1865 to aid displaced blacks and other war refugees

classical liberalism

a political ideology that values the freedom of individuals — including the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and markets — as well as limited government.

laissez faire

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs

Crédit Mobilier

a joint-stock company organized in 1863 and reorganized in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad. It was involved in a scandal in 1872 in which high government officials were accused of accepting bribes.

"Redemption"

Southern Democratic term for the end of Reconstruction and the return of white southern Democratic rule to the South.

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Enforcement Laws

aimed at the KKK, protected the freedman's rights under the 14th and 15th amendments, authorized military action to suppress terrorist movements

Slaughter-House Cases

A group of decisions begun in 1873 in which the Court began to undercut the power of the Fourteenth Amendment to protect African American rights.

U.S. v. Cruikshank

Supreme Court decides the federal government cannot punish whites for oppressing blacks

Civil Rights Cases

Supreme Court decision in 1883 that said the Fourteenth Amendment only made discrimination by government illegal; private citizens could do as they pleased.