lab exam 3, lec exam 5

is this hyphae septate or coenocytic

septate

is this hyphae septate or coenocytic

coenocytic

which hyphae type has cell walls separating each cell of the hyphae

septate

which hyphae type has no cell wall, so it looks like one large cell

coenocytic

what are hyphae

basic vegetative structures of fungi

what are all hyphae together called

mycelium

mycelium definition

vegetative structure that, under the right conditions, produces reproductive structures

what fungi part is this

mycelium

what fungi part is this

mycelium

which fungi group has flagellated, motile spores and flagellated gametes? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, arbuscular mychorrizae

chytrids

which fungi group has chitin in its cell wall? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

chytrids

which fungi group is mostly unicellular? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

chytrids

which fungi group nearly wiped out some frog populations w its deadly fungal infection? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

chytrids

which fungi group is this? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

chytrids

which fungi group is this (fungal infection)? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

chytrids

which fungi group occurs in soil/decaying matter? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

rhizopus stolonifer

which fungi group is commonly called black bread mold? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

rhizopus stolonifer

which fungi group has fast growing molds that are usually in soil and/or decaying matter? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

rhizopus stolonifer

which fungi group can reproduce sexually (zygospores) or asexually (sporangiospores)? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

rhizopus stolonifer

what does rhizopus stolonifer use to reproduce asexually

zygospores

what does rhizopus stolonifer use to reproduce sexually

sporangiospores

which fungi group is this? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

rhizopus stolonifer

which fungi group caused this? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

rhizopus stolonifer

is this used for sexual or asexual reproduction

asexual

is this used for sexual or asexual reproduction

sexual

is this used for sexual or asexual reproduction

sexual

what is this? what fungi group is it for

sporangiophore (fruiting head) w sporangiospores
rhizopus stolonifer

what is this? what fungi group is it for

gametangia fusing to make zygosporangium
rhizopus stolonifer

what is this? what fungi group is it for

zygosporangium
rhizopus stolonifer

what can be formed from a single mycelium, causing spores that are genetically identical

sporangiospores

what could happen if hyphae from mycelia from different mating types fuse

sexual reproduction, then gametangia

what will happen if gametangia is produced

[zygo?]sporangiophore bearing genetically diverse spores

which fungi group has a symbiotic/mutualistic relationship with plants? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?
what does the fungi provide? what does the plant provide?

arbuscular mychorrizae
fungi provides water and minerals (plant gets this)
plant provides photosynthesis byproducts (fungi gets this)

which fungi group is important for plant colonization of land? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

arbuscular mychorrizae

which fungi group has a highly branched [smth too obvious] w lots of surface area for material exchange? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

arbuscular mychorrizae

which fungi group is this? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

arbuscular mychorrizae

which fungi group is this? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

arbuscular mychorrizae

evolutionary significance of mycorrhizae (3)

let plants colonize land
plants got more water and minerals
plants moved away from large water sources

is this ectotrophic or endotrophic

ectotrophic

are arbuscular mychorrizae endotrophic or ectotrophic? why

endotrophic bc they penetrate plant roots internally

is this endotrophic or ectotrophic

ectotrophic

is this endotrophic or ectotrophic

endotrophic

is this endotrophic or ectotrophic

endotrophic

what does it mean for a fungi to be ectotrophic

it wraps around the the outside of the root (no penetration)

when fungi make mycorrhizal associations with plants, it is more common for them to be ectotrophic or endotrophic

ectotrophic (external)

which fungi group has cup like asocarps? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

sac fungi

which fungi group has uses ascospores for sexual reproduction and conidiophores for asexual reproduction? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

sac fungi

which fungi (directly stated in ppt) can reproduce sexually and asexually

sac fungi
rhizopus stolonifer

which fungi (directly stated in ppt) can reproduce sexually

sac fungi
rhizopus stolonifer
club fungi

which fungi (directly stated in ppt) can reproduce asexually

sac fungi (sacchromyces/yeast)
rhizopus stolonifer
sac fungi

what are ascocarps

sac fungi’s cup-shaped SEXUAL fruiting bodies

what is an ascospore

spores that come from sac fungi’s SEXUAL reproductive stucture

which fungi group looks like tulips? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

sac fungi

what is this? what genus + fungi type is it

ascocarp (peziza, sac fungi)

what is this? what genus + fungi type is it?
what is the arrow pointing to?

ascocarp, more zoomed in on asci
ascospores

how are spores distributed among the ascrocarp

every ascus gets some ascospores

what do sac fungi use for sexual reproduction

ascospores (could remember like ASScospore)

what do sac fungi use for asexual reproduction

conidiospores

what is this? what genus + fungi type is it?

conidiospore (sac fungi, aspergillus)

what is this? what genus + fungi type is it?

conidiospore (sac fungi, aspergillus)

what is this? what genus + fungi type is it?

conidiospore (sac fungi, penicillium)

what is this? what genus + fungi type is it?

conidiospore (sac fungi, penicillium)

what is this? what genus + fungi type is it?

conidiospore (sac fungi, penicillium)

which fungi group looks like skeleton hands? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

sac fungi (penicillium)

which fungi group led to an discovery of penicillin? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?
do we still make pencicillin this way today?

sac fungi
no, penicillin is usually made synthetically now

which fungi group reproduces asexually by budding? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

sac fungi (yeast/sacchromyces)

which fungi group metabolizes by fermentation, producting carbon dioxide and ethanol? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

sac fungi (yeast/sacchromyces)

which fungi group is for beer, wine, and making bread rise? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

sac fungi (yeast/sacchromyces)

what is this? what fungi group is it for

sac fungi (yeast/sacchromyces)

what is this? what fungi group is it for

sac fungi (yeast/sacchromyces)

what is budding

how sac fungi (yeast/sacchromyces) reproduce
splitting itself in half?

which fungi group forms lichens, relationships with algae or cyanobacteria? is it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

sac fungi

how do lichens work w algae/cyanobacteria

hyphae wrap around algae/cyanobacteria to make a protective structure

what do lichen members provide each other

fungi provides protective structure (algae/cyanobacteria gets this)
algae/cyanobacteria provides photosynthesis byproducts (fungi gets this)

what is this representing? name members

lichens : relationship btwn sac fungi and algae/cyanobacteria

3 basic lichen growth types

foliose
fruitose
crustose

which lichen growth type resembles foliage/leaves

foliose (looks more like crumpled up paper imo)

which lichen growth type resembles bread crust (thin and flaky)

crustose

which lichen growth type resembles mini shrubs/bushes

fruticose

which lichen growth type resembles mini shrubs/bushes has little fruiting bodies

fruiticose

which lichen growth type is this

fruiticose

which lichen growth type is this

crustose

which lichen growth type is this

foliose

what is lichen morphology

3 lichen growth types

which lichen growth type has cup-like asocarps

foliose

which fungi group produces spores in a club-like structure? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

club fungi

which fungi group reproduces sexually via basidiospores? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

club fungi

which fungi group looks the most “normal”/familiar to ppl thinking of fungi? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

club fungi

which fungi group includes mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi? iis it chytrids, rhizopus stolonifer, or arbuscular mychorrizae, sac fungi, or club fungi?

club fungi

what fungi group is this? what is the exact fungi

club fungi
mushroom

what fungi group is this? what is the exact fungi

club fungi
shelf fungi (ig it does seem like a mushroom w shelves)

what is it called when mycelium makes underground fruiting bodies in favorable conditions

mushrooms (the mushrooms are the fruiting bodies)

true/false and say why: shelf fungi, puffballs, and mushrooms reproduce asexually

FALSE bc they’re club fungi
(they go to the club to freak just like humans aww)

true/false and say why: peziza reproduce asexually

FALSE bc they have ascospores in their asocarp’s asci (filaments)

true/false and say why: chytrids can only reproduce asexually

FALSE bc they have gametes

true/false and say why: apergillus does sexual reproduction

FALSE bc they use conidiospores

true/false and say why: penicillium does asexual reproduction

TRUE bc they use conidiospores

true/false and say why: sacchromyces/yeast does sexual reproduction

FALSE bc they reproduce by budding (and that’s asexual)

true/false and say why: when conditions are not right for reproduction, the mycelium is still present

TRUE bc fungi need them to be underground idk

true/false and say why: fruiting bodies are always present for club fungi

FALSE, they are only produced when conditions are right fro reproduction