General Chemistry I: Final Exams Review

Flashcards covering key concepts and vocabulary from the General Chemistry I Final Exams Review.

Density

The mass of a substance divided by its volume (usually expressed in g/ml).

Accuracy

The degree to which a measured value agrees with the true value.

Precision

The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results.

Significant Figures

Digits in a number that contribute to its precision.

Isotope

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Lattice Energy

The energy released when ions are combined to form an ionic solid.

Nuclear Equation

An equation that shows the reactants and products of a nuclear reaction.

Quantum Numbers

Numbers that describe the energy levels, orbitals, and spins of electrons in atoms.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.

Lewis Dot Structure

A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons in a molecule.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules, or ions).

Percent Yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Bronsted Acid

A substance that donates a proton in a chemical reaction.

Bronsted Base

A substance that accepts a proton in a chemical reaction.

Soluble

Able to be dissolved, especially in water.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its liquid phase.

Freezing Point Depression

The decrease in the freezing point of a solvent when a solute is added.

Molarity

The concentration of a solution expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Isoelectronic Species

Atoms or ions that have the same electron configuration.

Hybridization

The concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for the pairing of electrons.