Unit 4 (Part 3) Vocab Quizlet - 4.7 & 4.8

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45 Terms

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motivation

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

<p>a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior</p>
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instinct

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

<p>a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned</p>
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physiological need

a basic bodily requirement

<p>a basic bodily requirement</p>
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drive-reduction theory

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

<p>the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need</p>
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homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

<p>A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level</p>
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incentive

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

<p>a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior</p>
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Yerkes-Dodson Law

the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases

<p>the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases</p>
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cultural awareness

An in-depth self-examination of one's own background, recognizing biases, prejudices, and assumptions about other people

<p>An in-depth self-examination of one's own background, recognizing biases, prejudices, and assumptions about other people</p>
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affiliation need

the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group

<p>the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group</p>
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self-determination theory

a theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of extrinsic motivation

<p>a theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of extrinsic motivation</p>
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intrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake

<p>a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake</p>
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extrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment

<p>a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment</p>
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ostracism

deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups

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achievement motivation

a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard

<p>a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard</p>
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grit

in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals

<p>in psychology, grit is passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals</p>
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glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

<p>the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.</p>
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set point

the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

<p>the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.</p>
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basal metabolic rate

the body's resting rate of energy expenditure

<p>the body's resting rate of energy expenditure</p>
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obesity

having an excess amount of body fat

<p>having an excess amount of body fat</p>
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emotion

a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

<p>a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience</p>
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the spillover effect

when one emotion continues from one situation to another; more happy about getting job after running as opposed to just waking up

<p>when one emotion continues from one situation to another; more happy about getting job after running as opposed to just waking up</p>
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emotional arousal

the arousal of strong emotions and emotional behavior

<p>the arousal of strong emotions and emotional behavior</p>
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polygraph

a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).

<p>a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes).</p>
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facial feedback effect

the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness

<p>the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness</p>
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behavior feedback effect

the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions

<p>the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions</p>
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human motivation

behavior involves a cycle of tension-states or need-states followed by activity and relief

<p>behavior involves a cycle of tension-states or need-states followed by activity and relief</p>
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approach-approach conflict

Conflict that results from having to choose between two attractive alternatives

<p>Conflict that results from having to choose between two attractive alternatives</p>
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approach-avoidance conflict

A conflict in which there are both appealing and negative aspects to the decision to be made.

<p>A conflict in which there are both appealing and negative aspects to the decision to be made.</p>
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avoidance-avoidance conflict

Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives

<p>Conflict that results from having to choose between two distasteful alternatives</p>
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sensation-seeking

the pursuit of experiences that are novel or exciting

<p>the pursuit of experiences that are novel or exciting</p>
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experience seeking

the tendency to seek novel experiences through the mind and the senses

<p>the tendency to seek novel experiences through the mind and the senses</p>
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thrill or adventure seeking

Desire for physical risk and adventure

<p>Desire for physical risk and adventure</p>
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disinhibition

preference for spontaneous and uninhibited activities

<p>preference for spontaneous and uninhibited activities</p>
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boredom susceptibility

aversion to routine or monotonous experiences

<p>aversion to routine or monotonous experiences</p>
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hormones

regulate feelings of hunger and satiety

<p>regulate feelings of hunger and satiety</p>
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ghrelin

stimulates hunger. "If your stomach is a growling, it ghrelin"

<p>stimulates hunger. "If your stomach is a growling, it ghrelin"</p>
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leptin

promotes satiety

<p>promotes satiety</p>
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regulation

controlled by the hypothalamus via the pituitary gland

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external factors

influence the behavior of eating

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the broaden-and-build theory

positive emotions prompt people to consider novel solutions to their problems

<p>positive emotions prompt people to consider novel solutions to their problems</p>
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positive emotions

broaden awareness and encourage new actions and thoughts

<p>broaden awareness and encourage new actions and thoughts</p>
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negative emotions

reduce awareness and narrow thinking and action

<p>reduce awareness and narrow thinking and action</p>
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emotional expressions

outward signs that an emotion is occurring

<p>outward signs that an emotion is occurring</p>
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display rules

social norms dictating how emotions should be expressed

<p>social norms dictating how emotions should be expressed</p>
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elicitors of emotion

factors that trigger emotional responses