Nursing: A profession, a discipline, through scientific theory

nursing is 3 things

-occupation

-profession

-discipline

occupation

•Work for pay

•Many ways to "train"

•Knowledge varies

•Skills vary

Profession

•Provide benefit to society

•Specific knowledge

•Specific skills

•Self-regulated

•Code of ethics

•Lengthy formal education

Discipline

-Branch of learning or scholarly instruction

-System of behavior & worldviews

-Community of scholars

-Create knowledge specific to interests

Disciplines use

Science to create knowledge

Science

•Must be coherent

•Concerned with definite fields of knowledge

•Preferably expressed as universal statements

•Must be true (or probably true

•Must be logically ordered

•Must explain its investigations and arguments

what did nightengale come up with?

-sanitation

-wound care before they get bad

-open air/ventilation

•Nursing Science

builds foundation on existing knowledge

•Pharmacology

•Anthropology

•Spirituality

•Psychology

•Physiology

•Fine arts

•Ethics

•Physics

•Biology

•Sociology

•Chemistry

metaparigidigms

-People

-Health

-Environments that affect health

-Nurses' influence on health

science answers

•cause/effect questions

philosophy answers

•Philosophy answers existence, meaning, purpose, & reason questions

•Science & philosophy build

•knowledge

•Structural order of basic assumptions comprise

•philosophic perspective of disciplines

•Philosophical perspectives determine

•scientific methods of the discipline

empiricism

•All things that are real can be objectively measured

•Understanding of parts will explain "the whole"

•Science should explain, predict & control

-tried and tested

constructivism

•Perception of phenomena provide knowledge & meaning

•"The whole" may be greater than the sum of its parts

•Science should describe, discover & understand

-dont just recieve info but do their own thing

post-positivism

•Multiple ways to interpret reality; knowledge is contextual

•Deconstruction and reconstruction of "the whole" leads to understanding

•Science will use multiple ways to blend and create knowledge

epsitomology

how knowledge is generated

ontology

how reality exists

types of nursing knowledge (ways of knowing)

-empirical

-personal

-ethical

-esthetic

empirical nursing knowledge

•Procedures

•Objective

•Quantifiable

•Verifiable

personal nursing knowledge

•Being present in interactions

•Life experience

•Spiritual/psycho-social self

ethical nursing knowledge

•Moral/ethical code of nursing

•Doing what is good

esthetic nursing knowledge

•Perceptive

•Subjective

•Captures meaning

•Creative

Definition of "Theory"

•Systematic explanation of relationships between concepts

•Relationships are called propositions

•A theorist proposes that one concept influences or changes another

theories explain _____ or make _____

-conditions

-predictions

Importance of Theory to Professional Nursing

•Creating, using, and applying nursing theory

•Distinguishes nursing from other care professions

•Establishes nursing as a unique science with a unique worldview

•Reduces reliance on tradition and rituals

•Builds scientific inquiry to test and refine the relationships in a theory

•Allows application of scientific findings to practice

Ways that Nurses use Theory

•Assess client

•Identify nursing diagnosis

•Deliver interventions

•Evaluation outcomes

•Nursing theory in practice:

•Nursing theory in practice:

•perceive concepts with client assessment

•Link perceived concepts the concepts of clients' underlying conditions

•Incorporate environmental factors to assign the nursing diagnosis

•Plan and deliver interventions to achieve desired outcomes through predictive theory

•Evaluate the outcomes tests theory

•4 concepts comprise the nursing metaparadigm

These concepts are person (human), health, environment, and nursing