naming organic chemicals

what is a homologous series

families of organic chemicals. must have the same functional group successive members must differ by only a CH2 unit

what are the 3 types of hydrocarbon?

aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic

what is a aliphatic hydrocarbon

carbon atoms are joined together in a straight chain or branched

what is an alicyclic hydrocarbon

carbon atoms are joined together in a ring structure

what is a aromatic hydrocarbon

carbons joined in a ring shape. must be at least 1 benzene ring

what is the general structure of alkanes

CnH2n+2

how many carbons does butane have

4

how many hydrogens does nonane have

20

what shape is the skeletal shape of a molecule

a zig zag

what does each point on the skeletal shape of a molecule represent

a carbon atom

what is the name of a hydrocarbon with one hydrogen removed

an alkyl

what is the functional group of alcohols

-OH

whats the functional group of an aldehyde

what order are the branched chains listen in before the stem

alphabetical

which number is used if something is on carbon 2 and 4. why?

2 because you always use the smallest number

what is the functional group of alkanes

c-c

what is the functional group of alkenes

carbon carbon double bond

carboxylic acid functional group?

-COOH

haloalkane functional group?

-F -Cl -Br -I

ketone functional group?

c to o double bond not on end